Gene expression driving ethylene biosynthesis and signaling pathways in ripening tomato fruit; a kinetic modelling approach.

Ethylene biosynthesis and signaling are pivotal pathways in various plant aging processes, including fruit ripening. Kinetic models can be used to better understand metabolic pathways, but modeling of the ethylene-related pathways is limited and the link between these pathways remains unsolved. A transcriptomics-based kinetic model was developed, consisting of ordinary differential equations describing ethylene biosynthesis and signaling pathways in tomato during fruit development and ripening, both on- and off-vine.

Tissue-specific responses of the central carbon metabolism in tomato fruit to low oxygen stress.

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an important model plant whose fleshy fruit consists of well-differentiated tissues. Recently it was shown that these tissues develop hypoxia during fruit development and ripening.

Noninvasive Assessment of Chicken Egg Fertility during Incubation Using HSSE-GC-MS VOC Profiling.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) carry crucial information about chicken egg fertility. Assessing the fertility before incubation holds immense potential for poultry industry efficiency. Our study used headspace sorptive extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to analyze egg VOCs before and during the initial 12 incubation days.

Non-destructive egg breed separation using advanced VOC analytical techniques HSSE-GC-MS, PTR-TOF-MS, and SIFT-MS: Assessment of performance and systems' complementarity.

Over the past decade, advanced analytical techniques have been utilized to examine volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in eggs. These VOCs offer valuable insights into factors such as freshness, fertility, the presence of cracks, embryo sex, and breed. In our study, we assessed three mass spectrometry-based systems (headspace sorptive extraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; HSSE-GC-MS, proton transfer reaction time-of-flight-mass spectrometry; PTR-TOF-MS; and selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry; SIFT-MS) to analyze and identify VOCs present in intact hatching eggs from three distinct breeds (Dekalb white layer, Shaver brown layer, and Ross 308 broiler).

Unraveling the Kinetics of the 10-23 RNA-Cleaving DNAzyme.

DNA-based enzymes, or DNAzymes, are single-stranded DNA sequences with the ability to catalyze various chemical reactions, including the cleavage of the bond between two RNA nucleotides. Lately, an increasing interest has been observed in these RNA-cleaving DNAzymes in the biosensing and therapeutic fields for signal generation and the modulation of gene expression, respectively. Additionally, multiple efforts have been made to study the effects of the reaction environment and the sequence of the catalytic core on the conversion of the substrate into product.

Increasing the Robustness of SIFT-MS Volatilome Fingerprinting by Introducing Notional Analyte Concentrations.

Selected ion flow tube-mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) is an analytical technique for volatile detection and quantification. SIFT-MS can be applied in a "white box" approach, measuring concentrations of target compounds, or as a "black box" fingerprinting technique, scanning all product ions during a full scan. Combining SIFT-MS full scan data acquired from multibatches or large-scale experiments remains problematic due to signal fluctuation over time.

Targeted system approach to ethylene biosynthesis and signaling of a heat tolerant tomato cultivar; the impact of growing season on fruit ripening.

Growing tomato in hot weather conditions is challenging for fruit production and yield. Tomato cv. Savior is a heat-tolerant cultivar which can be grown during both the Vietnamese winter (mild condition) and summer (hot condition) season.

Trends in in ovo sexing technologies: insights and interpretation from papers and patents.

Numerous researchers and institutions have been developing in ovo sexing technologies to improve animal welfare by identifying male embryos in an early embryonic stage and disposing of them before pain perception. This review gives a complete overview of the technological approaches reported in papers and patents by performing a thorough search using Web of Science and Patstat/Espacenet databases for papers and patents, respectively. Based on a total of 49 papers and 115 patent families reported until May 2023 worldwide, 11 technology categories were defined: 6 non-optical and 5 optical techniques.

Early detection of Botrytis cinerea in strawberry fruit during quiescent infection using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS).

Botrytis cinerea is a devastating pathogen that can cause huge postharvest losses of strawberry. Although this fungus usually infects strawberries through their flowers, symptoms mainly appear when fruit are fully mature. A fast and sensitive method to detect and quantify the fungal infection, prior to symptom development, is, therefore, needed.

Spatio-temporal dynamics of the metabolome of climacteric fruit during ripening and post-harvest storage.

Fruit quality traits are determined to a large extent by their metabolome. The metabolite content of climacteric fruit changes drastically during ripening and post-harvest storage, and has been investigated extensively. However, the spatial distribution of metabolites and how it changes in time has received much less attention as fruit are usually considered as homogenous plant organs.

Sexual repurposing of juvenile aposematism in locusts.

Adaptive plasticity requires an integrated suite of functional responses to environmental variation, which can include social communication across life stages. Desert locusts () exhibit an extreme example of phenotypic plasticity called phase polyphenism, in which a suite of behavioral and morphological traits differ according to local population density. Male and female juveniles developing at low population densities exhibit green- or sand-colored background-matching camouflage, while at high densities they show contrasting yellow and black aposematic patterning that deters predators.

Constitutive Defense Mechanisms Have a Major Role in the Resistance of Woodland Strawberry Leaves Against .

The necrotrophic fungus is a major threat to strawberry cultivation worldwide. By screening different genotypes for susceptibility to , we identified two genotypes with different resistance levels, a susceptible genotype ssp. Tenno 3 (T3) and a moderately resistant genotype ssp.

Quality Evolution and Aroma Profile of Pointed Cabbage in Different Storage Regimes.

With its increasing popularity, the need for optimal storage conditions of pointed cabbages becomes more important to meet the year-round demand. Storage of the pointed varieties, however, is more difficult compared to the traditional, round varieties and is limited to a few weeks in normal air. Pointed cabbages are more susceptible to quality loss (shriveling, yellowing of leaves, weight loss, fungal, and bacterial infections) and tend to spoil much faster.

3-D microstructural changes in relation to the evolution of quality during ripening of mango (Mangifera indica L. cv. Carabao).

Background: The ripening of mango involves changes in texture, flavor, and color, affecting the quality of the fruit. Previous studies have investigated the physiology on the evolution of quality during ripening but only a few have looked at microstructural changes during ripening. None of them has provided an insight into the relationhip between 3-D microstructure and the evolution of quality during ripening.

Regulation of the Central Carbon Metabolism in Apple Fruit Exposed to Postharvest Low-Oxygen Stress.

After harvest, fruit remain metabolically active and continue to ripen. The main goal of postharvest storage is to slow down the metabolic activity of the detached fruit. In many cases, this is accomplished by storing fruit at low temperature in combination with low oxygen (O) and high carbon dioxide (CO) partial pressures.

Non-aqueous fractionation revealed changing subcellular metabolite distribution during apple fruit development.

In developing apple fruit, metabolic compartmentation is poorly understood due to the lack of experimental data. Distinguishing subcellular compartments in fruit using non-aqueous fractionation has been technically difficult due to the excess amount of sugars present in the different subcellular compartments limiting the resolution of the technique. The work described in this study represents the first attempt to apply non-aqueous fractionation to developing apple fruit, covering the major events occurring during fruit development (cell division, cell expansion, and maturation).

Botrytis cinerea differentially induces postharvest antioxidant responses in 'Braeburn' and 'Golden Delicious' apple fruit.

Background: The fruit of two apple cultivars - 'Braeburn', which is susceptible to inoculation with Botrytis cinerea, and the less susceptible cv. 'Golden Delicious' - were investigated with respect to their response to inoculation with B. cinerea.

Integration of proteomics and metabolomics data of early and middle season Hass avocados under heat treatment.

Ripening heterogeneity of Hass avocados results in inconsistent quality fruit delivered to the triggered and ready to eat markets. This research aimed to understand the effect of a heat shock (HS) prior to controlled atmosphere (CA) storage on the reduction of ripening heterogeneity. HS prior to CA storage reduces more drastically the ripening heterogeneity in middle season fruit.

Probing the light hole/heavy hole switching with correlated magneto-optical spectroscopy and chemical analysis on a single quantum dot.

A whole series of complementary studies have been performed on the same single nanowire containing a quantum dot: cathodoluminescence spectroscopy and imaging, micro-photoluminescence spectroscopy under magnetic field and as a function of temperature, and energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometry and imaging. The ZnTe nanowire was deposited on a SiN membrane with Ti/Al patterns. The complete set of data shows that the CdTe quantum dot features the heavy-hole state as a ground state, although the compressive mismatch strain promotes a light-hole ground state as soon as the aspect ratio is larger than unity (elongated dot).

Ethylene Receptors, CTRs and EIN2 Target Protein Identification and Quantification Through Parallel Reaction Monitoring During Tomato Fruit Ripening.

Ethylene, the plant ripening hormone of climacteric fruit, is perceived by ethylene receptors which is the first step in the complex ethylene signal transduction pathway. Much progress has been made in elucidating the mechanism of this pathway, but there is still a lot to be done in the proteomic quantification of the main proteins involved, particularly during fruit ripening. This work focuses on the mass spectrometry based identification and quantification of the ethylene receptors (ETRs) and the downstream components of the pathway, CTR-like proteins (CTRs) and ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 2 (EIN2).

Metabolic Responses to Low Temperature of Three Peach Fruit Cultivars Differently Sensitive to Cold Storage.

Refrigerated storage is widely applied in order to maintain peach quality but it can also induce chilling injuries (CIs) such as flesh browning and bleeding, and mealiness. Peach fruit from three cultivars ('Red Haven', RH, 'Regina di Londa', RL, and 'Flaminia', FL) were stored for 4 weeks under low temperatures (0.5 and 5.

Down-regulation of respiration in pear fruit depends on temperature.

The respiration rate of plant tissues decreases when the amount of available O2 is reduced. There is, however, a debate on whether the respiration rate is controlled either by diffusion limitation of oxygen or through regulatory processes at the level of the transcriptome. We used experimental and modelling approaches to demonstrate that both diffusion limitation and metabolic regulation affect the response of respiration of bulky plant organs such as fruit to reduced O2 levels in the surrounding atmosphere.

Dynamic Labeling Reveals Temporal Changes in Carbon Re-Allocation within the Central Metabolism of Developing Apple Fruit.

In recent years, the application of isotopically labeled substrates has received extensive attention in plant physiology. Measuring the propagation of the label through metabolic networks may provide information on carbon allocation in sink fruit during fruit development. In this research, gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry based metabolite profiling was used to characterize the changing metabolic pool sizes in developing apple fruit at five growth stages (30, 58, 93, 121, and 149 days after full bloom) using C-isotope feeding experiments on hypanthium tissue discs.