Inguinal prolapse of a retroperitoneal lymphovascular malformation.

Abdominal lymphovascular malformations (ALMs) are rare cystic masses that can present with nonspecific symptoms. We present a case of a 7-month-old boy who, during an uncomplicated communicating hydrocele repair, was found to have an incidental large, prolapsed mesenteric abdominal lymphovascular malformation. The case serves to highlight the variability in presentation and natural history of ALMs, and the ease with which they can be disguised by more common pathology.

First Do No Harm: A Cautious, Risk-adapted Approach to Testicular Cancer Patients.

Current guidelines regarding treatment for germ-cell tumors (GCTs) emphasizes cautious progression focusing on stage-specific treatments. Presented herein is the case of a 30-year-old man who, through monitoring of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels and surveillance imaging, avoided excessive treatment. This case demonstrates how an experienced clinician, familiar with natural history of GCTs, can appropriately classify level of risk and allow a patient to preserve natural fertility.

An electroencephalographic signature predicts antidepressant response in major depression.

Antidepressants are widely prescribed, but their efficacy relative to placebo is modest, in part because the clinical diagnosis of major depression encompasses biologically heterogeneous conditions. Here, we sought to identify a neurobiological signature of response to antidepressant treatment as compared to placebo. We designed a latent-space machine-learning algorithm tailored for resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) and applied it to data from the largest imaging-coupled, placebo-controlled antidepressant study (n = 309).

Transcranial magnetic stimulation demonstrates a role for the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex in emotion perception.

The lateral prefrontal cortex, a region with both structural and functional connectivity to the amygdala, has been consistently implicated in the downregulation of subcortical-generated emotional responses. Although previous work has demonstrated that the ventral lateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) is important to emotion processing, no study has interrupted vlPFC function in order to test is role in emotion perception. In the current study, we acutely disrupted vlPFC function in twenty healthy adult participants by administering sham stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), in randomized order, during performance of an emotional perception task.