Relevance of peripheral cholinesterase activity on postoperative delirium in adult surgical patients (CESARO): A prospective observational cohort study.

Background: The cholinergic system is considered to play a key role in the development of postoperative delirium (POD), which is a common complication after surgery.

Objectives: To determine whether peri-operative acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activities are associated with the development of POD in in-hospital surgical patients, and raise hypotheses on cholinergic regulatory mechanisms in POD.

Design: A prospective multicentre observational study by the Peripheral Cholinesterase-activity on Neurocognitive Dysfunctions in Surgical Patients (CESARO) study group.

MOBAK 1 Assessment in Primary Physical Education: Exploring Basic Motor Competences of Portuguese 6-Year-Olds.

Children's motor competence is known to have a determinant role in learning and engaging later in complex motor skills and, thus, in physical activity. The development of adequate motor competence is a central aim of physical education, and assuring that pupils are learning and developing motor competence depends on accurate assessment protocols. The MOBAK 1 test battery is a recent instrument developed to assess motor competence in primary physical education.

Core executive functions are selectively related to different facets of motor competence in preadolescent children.

Background: Although accumulating evidence suggests that motor and cognitive development is interrelated, only a few studies have investigated links between executive function and motor control. Therefore, the present cross-sectional study examined the relationship between motor competences and core components of executive functioning, including inhibitory control, working memory and cognitive flexibility.

Methods: In 89 preadolescent children, motor competences were assessed using the MOBAK-5 test battery.

Corrigendum: Absence of Alpha-tACS Aftereffects in Darkness Reveals Importance of Taking Derivations of Stimulation Frequency and Individual Alpha Variability Into Account.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.

Ubiquitination at the interface of tumor viruses and DNA damage responses.

Viruses exploit cellular ubiquitination machinery to shape the host proteome and promote productive infection. Among the cellular processes influenced by viral manipulation of ubiquitination is the DNA damage response (DDR), a network of cellular signaling pathways that sense and respond to genomic damage. This host-pathogen interaction is particularly important during virus replication and transformation by DNA tumor viruses.

The Structure in Solution of Fibronectin Type III Domain 14 Reveals Its Synergistic Heparin Binding Site.

Fibronectin is a large multidomain protein of the extracellular matrix that harbors two heparin binding sites, Hep-I and Hep-II, which support the heparin-dependent adhesion of melanoma and neuroblastoma cells [Barkalow, F. J. B.

Ca Signaling and IL-8 Secretion in Human Testicular Peritubular Cells Involve the Cation Channel TRPV2.

Peritubular cells are part of the wall of seminiferous tubules in the human testis and their contractile abilities are important for sperm transport. In addition, they have immunological roles. A proteomic analysis of isolated human testicular peritubular cells (HTPCs) revealed expression of the transient receptor potential channel subfamily V member 2 (TRPV2).

Counteracting the Slowdown of Reaction Times in a Vigilance Experiment With 40-Hz Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation.

Indicators for a decrement in vigilance are a slowdown in reaction times and an increase in alpha power in the electroencephalogram in posterior regions of the brain. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a neuropsychological technique that has been found to interact with intrinsic brain oscillations and is able to enhance cognitive and behavioral performance. Recent studies show that tACS in the gamma frequency range (30-80 Hz) is able to downregulate amplitudes in the alpha frequency range (8-12 Hz), in accordance to the effect referred to as cross-frequency coupling, where intrinsic alpha and gamma waves modulate each other.

White-Tailed Sea Eagle () Die-Off Due to Infection with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus, Subtype H5N8, in Germany.

In contrast to previous incursions of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAIV) H5 viruses, H5N8 clade 2.3.4.

[Triclosan-coated sutures in colorectal surgery : Assessment and meta-analysis of the recommendations of the WHO guideline].

Background: In the global guidelines for the prevention of surgical site infections (SSI), the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the general use of triclosan-coated sutures irrespective of the type of surgical intervention.

Objective: Can this recommendation on the use of triclosan-coated sutures be confirmed by a meta-analysis specifically for colorectal surgery?

Methods: Randomized and non-randomized clinical trials comparing triclosan-coated and uncoated sutures for the efficacy in reducing the SSI rate in colorectal surgery were identified by a systematic literature review. In addition, various quality criteria were set for the studies to be included: SSI definition according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), a priori sample size calculation and a maximum SSI rate of 20%.

Impact of subtypes and comorbidities on breast cancer relapse and survival in population-based studies.

Objective: To study the impact of subtypes and comorbidities on breast cancer (BC) relapse and survival in the heterogeneous patients of the real world.

Methods: We identified patients diagnosed with BC between January 2003 and December 2005 from six population-based Swiss cancer registries. Clinicopathologic data was completed with information on locoregional and distant relapse and date and cause of death for over 10-years.

Shape Evolution of Droplets Growing on Linear Microgrooves.

Anisotropic spreading of liquids and elongated droplet shapes are often encountered on surfaces decorated with a periodic micropattern of linear surface topographies. Numerical calculations and wetting experiments show that the shape evolution of droplets that are slowly growing on a surface with parallel grooves can be grouped into two distinct morphological regimes. In the first regime, the liquid of the growing droplet spreads only into the direction parallel to the grooves.

Facilitated Event-Related Power Modulations during Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) Revealed by Concurrent tACS-MEG.

Non-invasive approaches to modulate oscillatory activity in the brain are increasingly popular in the scientific community. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) has been shown to modulate neural oscillations in a frequency-specific manner. However, due to a massive stimulation artifact at the targeted frequency, little is known about effects of tACS during stimulation.

Author Correction: BCAT1 restricts αKG levels in AML stem cells leading to IDH-like DNA hypermethylation.

In Extended Data Fig. 1a of this Letter, the flow cytometry plot depicting the surface phenotype of AML sample DD08 was a duplicate of the plot for AML sample DD06. Supplementary Data 4 has been added to the Supplementary Information of the original Letter to clarify the proteome data acquisition and presentation.

Temporal Expectation Modulates the Cortical Dynamics of Short-Term Memory.

Increased memory load is often signified by enhanced neural oscillatory power in the alpha range (8-13 Hz), which is taken to reflect inhibition of task-irrelevant brain regions. The corresponding neural correlates of memory decay, however, are not yet well understood. In the current study, we investigated auditory short-term memory decay in humans using a delayed matching-to-sample task with pure-tone sequences.

Effect of Stimulation Waveform on the Non-linear Entrainment of Cortical Alpha Oscillations.

In the past decade, there has been a surge of interest in using patterned brain stimulation to manipulate cortical oscillations, in both experimental and clinical settings. But the relationship between stimulation waveform and its impact on ongoing oscillations remains poorly understood and severely restrains the development of new paradigms. To address some aspects of this intricate problem, we combine computational and mathematical approaches, providing new insights into the influence of waveform of both low and high-frequency stimuli on synchronous neural activity.

Absence of Alpha-tACS Aftereffects in Darkness Reveals Importance of Taking Derivations of Stimulation Frequency and Individual Alpha Variability Into Account.

Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) has found widespread use as a basic tool in the exploration of the role of brain oscillations. Many studies have shown that frequency-specific tACS is able to not only alter cognitive processes during stimulation, but also cause specific physiological aftereffects visible in the electroencephalogram (EEG). The relationship between the emergence of these aftereffects and the necessary duration of stimulation is inconclusive.

Non-invasive Brain Stimulation: A Paradigm Shift in Understanding Brain Oscillations.

Cognitive neuroscience set out to understand the neural mechanisms underlying cognition. One central question is how oscillatory brain activity relates to cognitive processes. Up to now, most of the evidence supporting this relationship was correlative in nature.

Non-linear transfer characteristics of stimulation and recording hardware account for spurious low-frequency artifacts during amplitude modulated transcranial alternating current stimulation (AM-tACS).

Amplitude modulated transcranial alternating current stimulation (AM-tACS) has been recently proposed as a possible solution to overcome the pronounced stimulation artifact encountered when recording brain activity during tACS. In theory, AM-tACS does not entail power at its modulating frequency, thus avoiding the problem of spectral overlap between brain signal of interest and stimulation artifact. However, the current study demonstrates how weak non-linear transfer characteristics inherent to stimulation and recording hardware can reintroduce spurious artifacts at the modulation frequency.

Contingent Negative Variation and Working Memory Maintenance in Adolescents with Low and High Motor Competencies.

Although it has been suggested that motor and cognitive development is interrelated, the link between motor competencies and neurophysiological indices of working memory operations has not yet been examined in adolescents. This study is aimed at comparing contingent negative variation and working memory performance between adolescents with low and high motor competencies. In eighty-two adolescents, motor competencies were assessed with the MOBAK-5 (basic motor competencies, 5th grade) test battery and a median split was performed on this variable to divide them into low and high performers.

Transcranial alternating current stimulation modulates auditory temporal resolution in elderly people.

Recent research provides evidence for a functional role of brain oscillations for perception. For example, auditory temporal resolution seems to be linked to individual gamma frequency of auditory cortex. Individual gamma frequency not only correlates with performance in between-channel gap detection tasks but can be modulated via auditory transcranial alternating current stimulation.

Bayesian estimates of the incidence of rare cancers in Europe.

Background: The RARECAREnet project has updated the estimates of the burden of the 198 rare cancers in each European country. Suspecting that scant data could affect the reliability of statistical analysis, we employed a Bayesian approach to estimate the incidence of these cancers.

Methods: We analyzed about 2,000,000 rare cancers diagnosed in 2000-2007 provided by 83 population-based cancer registries from 27 European countries.

Opposite effects of lateralised transcranial alpha versus gamma stimulation on auditory spatial attention.

Background: Spatial attention relatively increases the power of neural 10-Hz alpha oscillations in the hemisphere ipsilateral to attention, and decreases alpha power in the contralateral hemisphere. For gamma oscillations (>40 Hz), the opposite effect has been observed. The functional roles of lateralised oscillations for attention are currently unclear.

Allosteric Activation of GDP-Bound Ras Isoforms by Bisphenol Derivative Plasticisers.

The protein family of small GTPases controls cellular processes by acting as a binary switch between an active and an inactive state. The most prominent family members are H-Ras, N-Ras, and K-Ras isoforms, which are highly related and frequently mutated in cancer. Bisphenols are widespread in modern life because of their industrial application as plasticisers.

Homo and hetero dimerisation of the human guanylate-binding proteins hGBP-1 and hGBP-5 characterised by affinities and kinetics.

The human guanylate-binding proteins (hGBPs) exhibit diverse antipathogenic and tumour-related functions which make them key players in the innate immune response. The isoforms hGBP-1 to hGBP-5 form homomeric complexes and localise to specific cellular compartments. Upon heteromeric interactions, hGBPs are able to guide each other to their specific compartments.