Overcoming Poor Transgene Expression in the Wild-Type Chloroplast: Creation of Highly Mosquitocidal Strains of .

High-level expression of transgenes in the chloroplast of wild-type Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (C. reinhardtii) remains challenging for many genes (e.g.

Expression of a Synthetic Gene for the Major Cytotoxin (Cyt1Aa) of subsp. in the Chloroplast of Wild-Type .

() strains that are toxic to mosquito larvae because they express chloroplast transgenes that are based on the mosquitocidal proteins of subsp. (Bti) could be very useful in mosquito control. has several advantages for this approach, including genetic controls not generally available with industrial algae.

Toward mosquito control with a green alga: Expression of Cry toxins of subsp. (Bti) in the chloroplast of .

We are developing strains that can be used for safe and sustainable control of mosquitoes, because they produce proteins from subsp. (Bti) in the chloroplast. has a number of advantages for this approach, including genetic controls that are not generally available with industrial algae.

Lymph Node Activation by PET/CT Following Vaccination With Licensed Vaccines for Human Papillomaviruses.

Background: While PET using F-FDG is most commonly used for imaging malignant tumors, vaccination is known to cause transient inflammation of lymph nodes inducing positive findings on F-FDG PET scans. The pattern, magnitude, and duration of lymph node activation following vaccination have not been clearly defined. Furthermore, the addition of adjuvants to vaccines can further enhance the immune response.

Understanding Spatially Complex Segmental and Branch Anatomy Using 3D Printing: Liver, Lung, Prostate, Coronary Arteries, and Circle of Willis.

Rationale And Objectives: Three-dimensional (3D) manufacturing is shaping personalized medicine, in which radiologists can play a significant role, be it as consultants to surgeons for surgical planning or by creating powerful visual aids for communicating with patients, physicians, and trainees. This report illustrates the steps in development of custom 3D models that enhance the understanding of complex anatomy.

Materials And Methods: We graphically designed 3D meshes or modified imported data from cross-sectional imaging to develop physical models targeted specifically for teaching complex segmental and branch anatomy.

DRESS syndrome presenting after initiation of mycobacterium avium complex osteomyelitis treatment.

Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is characterised by fever, rash, eosinophilia and organ damage that develops 2-6 weeks after the initiation of a medication. We report a case of DRESS syndrome in a 79-year-old man that developed after the introduction of rifabutin, ethambutol and clarithromycin used to treat Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) vertebral osteomyelitis. This case highlights treatment and management challenges in a patient with known MAC vertebral osteomyelitis requiring prolonged steroids.

Comparison of adaptive and innate immune responses induced by licensed vaccines for Human Papillomavirus.

Two HPV virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines, HPV-16/18 (GlaxoSmithKline, Cervarix®) and HPV-6/11/16/18 (Merck, Gardasil®), are currently licensed in the United States. Given the similar antigenic content but different adjuvant formulations in the 2 vaccines, they provide an efficient method for evaluating adjuvants and comparing the kinetics of the innate and adaptive immune responses. We randomized women to receive either Cervarix® or Gardasil®, followed 6 month vaccination delivery schedules per manufacturer's recommendations, and analyzed the humoral immune response, T cell response, and circulating plasma cytokine levels in response to vaccination.

PCR analysis of chloroplast double-strand break (DSB) repair products induced by I-CreII in Chlamydomonas and Arabidopsis.

Homing endonuclease I-CreII has been used to study the consequences and repair of a double-strand break (DSB) in the chloroplast genome of Chlamydomonas and Arabidopsis. Since I-CreII is from a mobile psbA intron of Chlamydomonas, it cleaves the psbA gene of an intronless-psbA strain of Chlamydomonas. And it cleaves specifically in the psbA gene of Arabidopsis, which is naturally intronless.

Creating an innovative educational structure to support best practice among novice nurses.

In today's complex health care environment, staff nurses are responsible for having the skills to analyze complicated patient situations, develop complex plans of care, and skillfully communicate with the health care team. The establishment of a new progressive care unit presented a unique opportunity to create innovative educational structures. Expert nurses developed successful strategies that can be incorporated on any unit to facilitate learning for all nurses.

Reverse transcription of spliced psbA mRNA in Chlamydomonas spp. and its possible role in evolutionary intron loss.

Reverse transcription of mRNA is thought to be an important first step in a model that explains certain evolutionary changes within genes, such as the loss of introns or RNA editing sites. In this model, reverse transcription of mRNA produces cDNA molecules that replace part of the parental gene by homologous recombination. In vivo evidence of reverse transcription of physiologically relevant mRNAs is generally lacking, however, except in genetically engineered cells.

Circadian regulation of chloroplast transcription in Chlamydomonas is accompanied by little or no fluctuation in RPOD levels or core RNAP activity.

In Chlamydomonas growing under 24 h light-dark cycles, chloroplast transcription is under circadian clock control, and peaks early in the morning. The peak (but not trough) requires ongoing cytoplasmic translation, as it is sensitive to cycloheximide (CH). The chloroplast transcriptional apparatus in Chlamydomonas is simpler than in land plants, with only one type of RNA polymerase (RNAP, bacterial) and apparently only one sigma factor (RPOD).

Mapping of the css (chloroplast splicing suppressor) gene(s) to a recombinationally suppressed region of chromosome III in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

In previous work, three suppressors of defective group I introns (7151, 71N1, 7120) were isolated from a mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that had a splicing-deficient chloroplast large subunit (LSU) rRNA intron. Genetic analysis indicated that the 7151 and 71N1 suppressor mutations each involved single nuclear loci, and that the 7151 mutation was dominant. Here we present genetic evidence that the 7120 suppressor also involves a single nuclear locus and that the mutation is dominant in vegetative diploids.

A novel rhodanese is required to maintain chloroplast translation in Chlamydomonas.

Rhodanese-domain proteins (RDPs) are widespread in plants and other organisms, but their biological roles are mostly unknown. Here we report on a novel RDP from Chlamydomonas that has a single rhodanese domain, and a predicted chloroplast transit peptide. The protein was produced in Escherichia coli with a His-tag, but lacking most of the N-terminal transit peptide, and after purification was found to have rhodanese activity in vitro.

Microhomology-mediated and nonhomologous repair of a double-strand break in the chloroplast genome of Arabidopsis.

Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) is under great photooxidative stress, yet its evolution is very conservative compared with nuclear or mitochondrial genomes. It can be expected that DNA repair mechanisms play important roles in cpDNA survival and evolution, but they are poorly understood. To gain insight into how the most severe form of DNA damage, a double-strand break (DSB), is repaired, we have developed an inducible system in Arabidopsis that employs a psbA intron endonuclease from Chlamydomonas, I-CreII, that is targeted to the chloroplast using the rbcS1 transit peptide.

Care model transformation: a necessity, not an option.

The authors describe the need for a new approach to the delivery of patient care in the acute care setting. The case for a different care model is proposed and provides information on how a new approach clarifies registered nurse (RN) responsibilities to maximize the valuable resource of professional practice, the nurse of the future. This model proposes the patient care work being allocated between 2 groups of point-of-care providers: the professional RN and the patient care technologist.

Biochemical and mutagenic analysis of I-CreII reveals distinct but important roles for both the H-N-H and GIY-YIG motifs.

Homing endonucleases typically contain one of four conserved catalytic motifs, and other elements that confer tight DNA binding. I-CreII, which catalyzes homing of the Cr.psbA4 intron, is unusual in containing two potential catalytic motifs, H-N-H and GIY-YIG.

The language of business: a key nurse executive competency.

The ability to interpret fiscal data pertaining to patient outcomes, human resources, customer satisfaction, and financial positions is a vital evidenced-based nurse executive competency. The ability of nurse leaders to influence and contribute in health system executive decision making requires fluency in accounting, "the language of business." After examining challenges faced by nurse executives, faculty at the Loewenberg School of Nursing at the University of Memphis integrated intensive accounting education into a new executive MSN program.

Executive master of science in nursing program: incorporating the 14 forces of magnetism.

This is the second in a 3-part series describing an executive master of science in nursing program. Part 1 described program development built on the American Organization of Nurse Executive's competencies and distinctive features of the students' online and on-site learning experiences. This article presents how the 14 Forces of Magnetism are integrated across the curriculum and the unique criteria for program admission.

The executive master of science in nursing program: competencies and learning experiences.

This is the first in a 3-part series describing an executive master of science in nursing program. Part 1 describes program development built on the American Organization of Nurse Executives' competencies and distinct features of the students' online and on-site learning experiences. Part 2 will discuss how the 14 Forces of Magnetism are integrated across the curriculum and the unique criteria for program admission.

Chlamydomonas chloroplasts can use short dispersed repeats and multiple pathways to repair a double-strand break in the genome.

Certain group I introns insert into intronless DNA via an endonuclease that creates a double-strand break (DSB). There are two models for intron homing in phage: synthesis-dependent strand annealing (SDSA) and double-strand break repair (DSBR). The Cr.

Using nurse leader development to improve nurse retention and patient outcomes: a framework.

With many factors converging, it is critical that nurse leaders have the knowledge and competency to develop outstanding relationships with registered nurses in order to retain them and thus improve patient outcomes. Senior nurse leaders of Methodist Le Bonheur Healthcare, a 7-hospital system based in Memphis is addressing these issues through a comprehensive leader development framework. Through organizational commitment and supported by a federal grant, a program that focuses on creation of individual development plans, provision of development education, and one-to-one on-site coaching has been implemented.

The role of information technology in healthcare communications, efficiency, and patient safety: application and results.

The authors document the development and deployment of technology that serves to enhance healthcare communications, efficiency, and patient safety at an 881-bed, level 2 trauma center. This technology includes a patient-centric call process using real-time, rules-based task assignments and tracking software that guides personalized and timely response to the individual patient' needs and allows the mining of data for outcome analysis.

Distinct roles for the 5' and 3' untranslated regions in the degradation and accumulation of chloroplast tufA mRNA: identification of an early intermediate in the in vivo degradation pathway.

Elongation factor Tu in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a chloroplast-encoded gene (tufA) whose 1.7-kb mRNA has a relatively short half-life. In the presence of chloramphenicol (CAP), which freezes translating chloroplast ribosomes, a 1.