Time-Restricted Eating and Cancer: Lessons Learned and Considerations for a Path Forward.

Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a type of intermittent fasting (IF). Food can be consumed as desired during the eating period, but not during the remainder of the day. Studies suggest that many of the health benefits of fasting may not simply be the result of weight loss, but also due to the body's responses to the fasting that lead to improved metabolic functioning.

Energy utilization in lactating Jersey cows consuming a mixture of dried distillers grains and solubles and straw replacing alfalfa hay.

Some forages require significant amounts of water to grow, causing the dairy industry to be dependent on a limited resource. Feeding crop residues and feed coproducts in dairy rations may represent opportunities when alfalfa is not readily available, and may reduce the industry's use of water. A study using indirect calorimetry and 12 multiparous lactating Jersey cows (BW = 447.

Infrared Thermography of the Blowhole as a Potential Diagnostic Tool for Health Assessment in Killer Whales ().

Killer whales () are experiencing increasing environmental pressures, with some ecotypes being identified as endangered, and the development and validation of non-invasive health assessment tools is critical for assessing the well-being of individuals within these endangered populations. Infrared thermography of the blowhole is a non-contact method of temperature measurement that was recently investigated in killer whales in managed care. Two male killer whales presenting with clinical signs at separate institutions had veterinary clinical health assessments performed, which included infrared thermography of the blowhole as well as concurrent rectal temperature measurement.

A corn-fermented protein ingredient can be included in early nursey diets without compromising pig growth performance and health status.

In nursery diets, ingredients with high protein content and highly digestible nutrients, such as corn-fermented protein product with added yeast mass (), can be included as an alternative to common protein sources. This study investigated the dietary inclusion of GDDY as an alternative protein source on growth performance and intestinal health of weaned pigs. A total of 594 weaned pigs (5.

Differences in Intakes of Select Nutrients by Urbanization Level in the United States Population 2 Years and Older, NHANES 2013-2018.

Background: Differences in nutrient intakes by urbanization level in the Unites States is not well understood.

Objective: Describe, by urbanization level: 1) intake of protein, fiber, percent of energy from added sugars (AS) and saturated fat (SF), calcium, iron, potassium, sodium, and vitamin D; 2) the percent of the population meeting nutrient recommendations.

Methods: Twenty-four-hour dietary recalls from 23,107 participants aged 2 y and over from the 2013-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were analyzed.

Energy and nitrogen utilization of lactating dairy cattle fed increasing inclusion of a high-protein processed corn coproduct.

Advancing technologies of the corn dry-milling ethanol production process includes the mechanical separation of fiber-containing particles from a portion of plant- and yeast-based nitrogenous particles. The resulting high-protein processed corn coproduct (HPCoP) contains approximately 52% crude protein (CP), 36% neutral detergent fiber (NDF), 6.4% total fatty acids (TFA).

Validation of Total Water Intake from the Automated Self-Administered 24-h Recall, 4-d Food Records, and a Food Frequency Questionnaire Using Doubly Labeled Water.

Background: Although prior evidence indicates that water intake is important for health, the ability to accurately measure community-dwelling intake is limited. Only a few studies have evaluated self-reported water intake against an objective recovery biomarker.

Objectives: The aim was to compare preformed water intakes (all sources including food) by multiple Automated Self-Administered 24-h recalls (ASA24s), food frequency questionnaires (FFQs), and 4-d food records (4DFRs) against a recovery biomarker, doubly labeled water (DLW), to assess measurement error.

Differential associations between television viewing, computer use, and adiposity by age, gender, and race/ethnicity in United States youth: A cross-sectional NHANES analysis.

Background: Time spent on screens and adiposity change rapidly from childhood to adolescence, with differences by gender and race/ethnicity.

Objective: Apply time-varying effect models (TVEMs) to a nationally representative sample of youth to identify the age ranges when the cross-sectional associations between television viewing, computer use, and adiposity are significant.

Methods: Data from 8 to 15-year-olds (n = 3593) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2018) were extracted.

Universal DNA methylation age across mammalian tissues.

Aging, often considered a result of random cellular damage, can be accurately estimated using DNA methylation profiles, the foundation of pan-tissue epigenetic clocks. Here, we demonstrate the development of universal pan-mammalian clocks, using 11,754 methylation arrays from our Mammalian Methylation Consortium, which encompass 59 tissue types across 185 mammalian species. These predictive models estimate mammalian tissue age with high accuracy (r > 0.

DNA methylation networks underlying mammalian traits.

Using DNA methylation profiles ( = 15,456) from 348 mammalian species, we constructed phyloepigenetic trees that bear marked similarities to traditional phylogenetic ones. Using unsupervised clustering across all samples, we identified 55 distinct cytosine modules, of which 30 are related to traits such as maximum life span, adult weight, age, sex, and human mortality risk. Maximum life span is associated with methylation levels in subclass homeobox genes and developmental processes and is potentially regulated by pluripotency transcription factors.

Metabolomic Profiling of an Ultraprocessed Dietary Pattern in a Domiciled Randomized Controlled Crossover Feeding Trial.

Background: Objective markers of ultraprocessed foods (UPF) may improve the assessment of UPF intake and provide insight into how UPF influences health.

Objectives: To identify metabolites that differed between dietary patterns (DPs) high in or void of UPF according to Nova classification.

Methods: In a randomized, crossover, controlled-feeding trial (clinicaltrials.

Development of the Healthy Eating Index-Toddlers-2020.

The Healthy Eating Index-Toddlers-2020 (HEI-Toddlers-2020) is a measure for assessing how well a set of foods aligns with new guidance in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025 (DGA) for toddlers aged 12 through 23 months. This new tool was developed using consistent features and the guiding principles of the HEI. The HEI-Toddlers-2020, like HEI-2020, has 13 components reflecting all constituents of dietary intake, except for human milk or infant formula.

Continuity, Considerations, and Future Directions for the Healthy Eating Index-Toddlers-2020.

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025 includes guidance for infants and toddlers aged birth to 24 months. To assess alignment with this new guidance, the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-Toddlers-2020 was developed for toddlers 12 through 23 months old. This monograph focuses on the continuity, considerations, and future directions of this new index for toddlers in the context of evolving dietary guidance.

Evaluation of the Healthy Eating Index-Toddlers-2020.

Background: With the addition of new guidance for children from birth to 24 months in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025 (DGA), a Healthy Eating Index (HEI) was developed for toddlers.

Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the HEI-Toddlers-2020, 5 analyses relevant to construct and concurrent validity and 2 related to reliability were examined.

Design: Twenty-four-hour diet recall data from the cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2018) were used.

Healthy Eating Index-2020: Review and Update Process to Reflect the Dietary Guidelines for Americans,2020-2025.

The purpose of this review is to share the process for reviewing, updating, and developing the most recent version of the Healthy Eating Index-2020 (HEI-2020) for ages 2 and older, following the release of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), 2020-2025. The overall review process included: 1) gathering information from the updated DGA, experts, and federal stakeholders; 2) considering substantive changes and needs for new development, keeping in mind the HEI's key features and guiding principles, the US Department of Agriculture's Dietary Patterns that serve as the foundation for the HEI, and scoring considerations; and 3) completing evaluation analyses, including the examination of content validity. The review process led to the development of the HEI-2020; a separate HEI-Toddlers-2020 was developed for ages 12 through 23 months.

Nutritional value of high protein ingredients fed to growing pigs in comparison to commonly used protein sources in swine diets.

Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that two high protein dried distillers with solubles and yeast mass added (GDDY) products fed to growing pigs had comparable amino acid (AA) digestibility and metabolizable energy (ME) to feeds commonly used in swine diets. In experiment 1, seven barrows with an initial body weight (BW) of 25 ± 0.8 kg were fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum to allow for digesta collection.

Multi-tissue DNA methylation aging clocks for sea lions, walruses and seals.

Age determination of wild animals, including pinnipeds, is critical for accurate population assessment and management. For most pinnipeds, current age estimation methodologies utilize tooth or bone sectioning which makes antemortem estimations problematic. We leveraged recent advances in the development of epigenetic age estimators (epigenetic clocks) to develop highly accurate pinniped epigenetic clocks.

A Decade of Dietary Assessment Methodology Research at the National Institutes of Health, 2012-2021.

Background: Assessment of individual and population-level dietary intake is critical for public health surveillance, epidemiology, and dietary intervention research. In recognition of that need, the National Insitutes of Health (NIH) has a history of funding research projects designed to support the development, implementation, and refinement of tools to assess dietary intake in humans.

Objectives: This report provides data and information on NIH-funded dietary intake assessment methodological research over the period of 2012-2021.