A systematic review on the effect of systemic antimicrobials as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in periodontitis patients.

Background: Scaling and root planing (SRP) are the bases of non-surgical therapy in the treatment of periodontitis. However, results from this therapy are often unpredictable and dependable from many different factors.

Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of the adjunctive use of systemic antimicrobials with scaling and root planing (SRP) vs.

A systematic review of guided tissue regeneration for periodontal furcation defects. What is the effect of guided tissue regeneration compared with surgical debridement in the treatment of furcation defects?

Objectives: To systematically review the evidence of effectiveness of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) for furcation defects.

Background: The evidence for the effectiveness of GTR in furcation defects has not yet been systematically appraised.

Methods: We searched for randomized controlled trials with at least 6 months' follow-up comparing GTR with surgical debridement (open flap debridement, OFD).

The effects of a new mouthrinse containing chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium chloride and zinc lactate on the microflora of oral halitosis patients: a dual-centre, double-blind placebo-controlled study.

Aim: This study evaluated the microbial effects of a newly formulated mouthwash (Halita) on oral halitosis patients.

Methods: Forty subjects were included in this dual-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel study. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to select patients.

Differences between endocarditis with true negative blood cultures and those with previous antibiotic treatment.

Background And Aim Of The Study: High morbidity and mortality are attributed to patients with culture-negative endocarditis. The main reason for negative blood culture in infectious endocarditis (IE) is administration of antibiotics before sample withdrawal. The study aim was to determine any difference in prognosis between patients with 'aborted' culture-negative endocarditis (A-CNE) and those with true culture-negative endocarditis (T-CNE).

Differences in antimicrobial activity of four commercial 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthrinse formulations: an in vitro contact test and salivary bacterial counts study.

Aim: To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity of four commercial 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthrinses.

Material And Methods: The in vitro antimicrobial activity test consisted in a modified contact test where 20 selected bacterial species were tested during 1 min with each test product.

Clinical effects of a new mouthrinse containing chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium chloride and zinc-lactate on oral halitosis. A dual-center, double-blind placebo-controlled study.

Objectives: The aim of this double-blind, parallel study was to test the clinical efficacy of a newly developed mouthrinse in the treatment of oral halitosis in patients without periodontitis.

Material And Methods: Forty volunteers, recruited in two centers, participated in this study. Patients were selected on the basis of (1) halitosis of oral origin, (2) full-mouth organoleptic score>1, using an arbitrary 0-5 scale, (3) level of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC)>170 parts per billion (ppb) and (4) Winkel tongue coating index (WTCI)>4 (0-12).

Value of automated segmental motion analysis in the assessment of aortic stenosis severity.

Background And Aims Of The Study: Left ventricular (LV) contraction is slowed in patients with aortic stenosis (AS). Although the possible role of LV systolic function abnormalities in the assessment of AS severity has been evaluated, current echocardiographic techniques cannot offer precise quantification of LV motion velocity. The study aim was to evaluate an automated segmental motion analysis (ASMA) system to assess AS severity.

Influence of diabetes mellitus on short- and long-term outcome in patients with active infective endocarditis.

Background And Aim Of The Study: The incidence and severity of certain infections appear to be increased in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). The study aim was to evaluate the effect of DM on short- and long-term outcome in patients with active infective endocarditis (IE).

Methods: A total of 151 patients with IE was included and followed up for a mean of 3.

Fundamentals of breath malodour.

Breath malodour is a condition that has health and social implications. The origin of breath malodour problems are related to both systemic and oral conditions. The advice of dental professionals for treatment of this condition occurs with regularity since 90% of breath odor problems emanate from the oral cavity.

Weak concordance between wall motion and microvasculature status after acute myocardial infarction: study with myocardial contrast echocardiography in real time with power modulation.

Aims: The microvasculature damage after myocardial infarction has important implications. The hypothesis of the study was that wall motion abnormalities and microcirculation status do not necessarily match after myocardial infarction, and therefore the study of only myocardial wall motion could offer an incomplete evaluation in these patients.

Methods: Wall motion and myocardial perfusion assessed by contrast echocardiography were evaluated by two different blinded investigators in 29 patients with recent (<1 week) myocardial infarction.

Investigating the use of primary adult subventricular zone neural precursor cells for neuronal replacement therapies.

With the relatively recent discovery that neurogenesis persists throughout life in restricted regions of the adult mammalian brain, including those of human beings, there has been great interest in the use of adult-derived neural stem cells for neuronal replacement. There are many great hurdles that must be overcome in order for such replacement strategies to succeed. In this review, we outline some of these hurdles and discuss recent experiments that investigate the potential of using neural precursor cells found in the subventricular zone of the adult brain for brain repair.

[Antibiotic resistance in the subgingival microflora in patients with adult periodontitis. A comparative survey between Spain and the Netherlands].

The widespread use of antibiotics for treatment of bacterial infections has lead to the emergence of resistant human pathogens. Great differences have been documented between European countries in the use of systemic antibiotics. In parallel, significant differences in levels of resistant pathogens have been documented.

[Estimating the completeness of AIDS reporting in Spain].

Objective: To evaluate AIDS case reporting in the Spanish regions as compared with the AIDS deaths registered in mortality statistics, in order to identify possible deviations indicative of underreporting.

Methods: We carried out an ecological analysis taking each region as a unit. We compared incidence and mortality obtained from the AIDS reporting system with the HIV/AIDS deaths obtained from the mortality statistics of the Spanish Institute for Statistics.

[Salmonella enteritis in Huesca. 1996-1999].

Background: The enteritis due to Salmonella is still an important cause of infectious gastroenteritis, that is responsible of 85% of the foodborne outbreaks in Spain. It represents without any doubt a public health problem that involves several health care services and preventive services.

Subjects And Method: Using two sources of information: the National Diseases Surveillance System and the Microbiology Laboratories of the Hospitals (MLH) we estimated the incidence of Salmonella infection by the capture-recapture method.

Multipotent neural stem cells reside into the rostral extension and olfactory bulb of adult rodents.

The lateral walls of the forebrain lateral ventricles are the richest source of stem cells in the adult mammalian brain. These stem cells give rise to new olfactory neurons that are renewed throughout life. The neurons originate in the subventricular zone (SVZ), migrate within the rostral extension (RE) of the SVZ along the rostral migratory stream (RMS) within tube-like structures formed of glial cells, to eventually reach the olfactory bulb (OB).

[Comparative study of Salmonella and Campylobacter infections in Huesca. 1996-1999].

Background: The Salmonella and Campylobacter genera are the main bacterial agents causing enteritis in humans in the developed countries. The purpose of this paper is to study the descriptive characteristics of the cases of infection by Salmonella and by Campylobacter and to describe their trend and seasonal variance in the province of Huesca for the 1996-1999 period.

Method: The sources of information were the Hospital Microbiological Laboratories (HML's) which conduct coproculture analyses of both outpatients and inpatients.

Applied field epidemiology programme in Spain.

In 1994, the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII; Carlos III Health Institute) of the Spanish Ministry of Health and the Consumer (MSC) created the Programa de Epidemiología Aplicada de Campo (PEAC; Applied Field Epidemiology Programme). The programme is managed by the Centro Nacional de Epidemiología (National Epidemiological Centre) in collaboration with the Escuela Nacional de Sanidad (National School of Health), and supported by General Direction for Health and Consumer of MSC and the Health Councils (Consejerías de Sanidad) of the autonomous regions. The PEAC runs a masters degree programme in applied field epidemiology, in which degrees are conferred by the National School of Health.

Pharmacokinetics of a sustained-release dosage form of clomipramine.

In this study, the pharmacokinetic parameters of the sustained-release (SR) dosage form of clomipramine (CMI) were compared with those obtained after the administration of the immediate-release (IR) dosage form. Two studies were performed. In the first study, a single oral dose of both products was administered in 12 healthy volunteers, and in the second study, multiple doses of both products were administered in 6 patients with depression in which steady-state plasma levels (Css) were determined.

Noggin antagonizes BMP signaling to create a niche for adult neurogenesis.

Large numbers of new neurons are born continuously in the adult subventricular zone (SVZ). The molecular niche of SVZ stem cells is poorly understood. Here, we show that the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist Noggin is expressed by ependymal cells adjacent to the SVZ.

The subventricular zone: source of neuronal precursors for brain repair.

The subventricular zone (SVZ) is a major germinal zone which persists in the adult brain. The SVZ contains cells that self renew and continuously produce new neurons and glia. In this chapter we discuss the development, architecture and function of the adult SVZ, as well as the fate of SVZ cells after transplantation.

The CIDA-QUEST large-scale survey of Orion OB1: evidence for rapid disk dissipation in a dispersed stellar population.

We are conducting a large-scale, multiepoch, optical photometric survey [Centro de Investigaciones de Astronomia-Quasar Equatorial Survey Team (CIDA-QUEST)] covering about 120 square degrees to identify the young low-mass stars in the Orion OB1 association. We present results for an area of 34 square degrees. Using photometric variability as our main selection criterion, as well as follow-up spectroscopy, we confirmed 168 previously unidentified pre-main sequence stars that are about 0.

Differences in the composition of the subgingival microbiota of two periodontitis populations of different geographical origin. A comparison between Spain and The Netherlands.

The purpose of this study was to compare the subgingival microbiota of two geographically distinct patient populations using identical clinical and bacteriological methods. Adult patients with a diagnosis of periodontitis were consecutively selected according to pre-defined clinical criteria. Microbiological samples were taken from the deepest four sites with bleeding.