Design of tunable hyaluronic acid and O'-carboxymethyl chitosan formulations for the minimally invasive delivery of multifunctional therapies targeting rheumatoid arthritis.

The development of injectable, dual-component formulations based on natural-based polysaccharides is a promising strategy for the localized treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the present study, biomimetic formulations consisting of aldehyde-functionalized hyaluronic acid (AHA) and O-carboxymethyl chitosan (OCC) were developed, presenting rapid in situ gelation rates and finely tunable physicochemical properties. These two properties allowed for the controlled delivery of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and pro-regenerative agents (i.

Metabolomics and Biochemical Benefits of Multivitamin and Multimineral Supplementation in Healthy Individuals: A Pilot Study.

Scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of vitamin and mineral supplements in healthy individuals remains scarce. In a randomized, double-blind study, 30 healthy individuals were assigned to receive a single daily dose of multivitamin and multimineral supplementation or a double daily dose for 30 days. Before and after the intake, an untargeted metabolomics assay for serum metabolites was conducted by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and clinical assessments of peripheral blood samples were performed.

Periodic table screening for enhanced positive contrast in MRI and uptake in glioblastoma.

The quest for nanomaterial-based imaging probes that can provide positive contrast in MRI is fueled by the necessity of developing novel diagnostic applications with potential for clinical translation that current gold standard probes cannot provide. Although interest in nanomaterials for positive contrast has increased in recent years, their study is less developed than that of traditional negative contrast probes in MRI. In our search for new magnetic materials with enhanced features as positive contrast probes for MRI, we decided to explore the chemical space to comprehensively analyze the effects of different metals on the performance of iron oxide nanomaterials already able to provide positive contrast in MRI.

Evidence of the Beneficial Impact of Three Probiotic-Based Food Supplements on the Composition and Metabolic Activity of the Intestinal Microbiota in Healthy Individuals: An Ex Vivo Study.

Scientific evidence has increasingly supported the beneficial effects of probiotic-based food supplements on human intestinal health. This ex vivo study investigated the effects on the composition and metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiota of three probiotic-based food supplements, containing, respectively, (1) ES1, (2) NCFM, and (3) a combination of NCFM, Lpc-37™, Bi-07™, and Bl-04™. This study employed fecal samples from six healthy donors, inoculated in a Colon-on-a-plate system.

Chiral Cyclopentadienyl Ligands: Design, Syntheses, and Applications in Asymmetric Catalysis.

The creation of new chiral ligands capable of providing high stereocontrol in metal-catalyzed reactions is crucial in modern organic synthesis. The production of bioactive molecules as single enantiomers is increasingly required, and asymmetric catalysis with metal complexes constitutes one of the most efficient synthetic strategies to access optically active compounds. Herein we offer a historical overview on the development of chiral derivatives of the ubiquitous cyclopentadienyl ligand (Cp ), and detail their successful application in a broad range of metal-catalyzed transformations.

A transition-metal-free & diazo-free styrene cyclopropanation.

An operationally simple and broadly applicable novel cyclopropanation of styrenes using -diiodomethyl carbonyl reagents has been developed. Visible-light triggered the photoinduced generation of iodomethyl carbonyl radicals, able to cyclopropanate a wide array of styrenes with excellent chemoselectivity and functional group tolerance. To highlight the utility of our photocyclopropanation, we demonstrated the late-stage functionalization of biomolecule derivatives.

Microarray and Mass Spectrometry-Based Methodology for Lipid Profiling of Tissues and Cell Cultures.

The recent developments in mass spectrometry have revealed the importance of lipids as biomarkers in the context of different diseases and as indicators of the cell's homeostasis. However, further advances are required to unveil the complex relationships between lipid classes and lipid species with proteins. Here, we present a new methodology that combines microarrays with mass spectrometry to obtain the lipid fingerprint of samples of a different nature in a standardized and fast way, with minimal sample consumption.

Generating carbyne equivalents with photoredox catalysis.

Carbon has the unique ability to bind four atoms and form stable tetravalent structures that are prevalent in nature. The lack of one or two valences leads to a set of species-carbocations, carbanions, radicals and carbenes-that is fundamental to our understanding of chemical reactivity. In contrast, the carbyne-a monovalent carbon with three non-bonded electrons-is a relatively unexplored reactive intermediate; the design of reactions involving a carbyne is limited by challenges associated with controlling its extreme reactivity and the lack of efficient sources.

Behavior and season affect crayfish detection and density inference using environmental DNA.

Although the presence/absence of aquatic invertebrates using environmental DNA (eDNA) has been established for several species, inferring population densities has remained problematic. The invasive American signal crayfish, (Dana), is the leading cause of decline in the UK's only native crayfish species, (Lereboullet). Methods to detect species at low abundances offer the opportunity for the early detection, and potential eradication, of before population densities reach threatening levels in areas occupied by .

A Stereoconvergent Cyclopropanation Reaction of Styrenes.

The first stereoconvergent cyclopropanation reaction by means of photoredox catalysis using diiodomethane as the methylene source is described. This transformation exhibits broad functional group tolerance and it is characterized by an excellent stereocontrol en route to trans-cyclopropanes regardless of whether E- or Z-styrene substrates were utilized.

Chorion formation in panoistic ovaries requires windei and trimethylation of histone 3 lysine 9.

Epigenetic modifications play key roles in transcriptional regulation. Trimethylation of histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9me3) is one of the most widely studied histone post-translational modifications, and has been linked to transcriptional repression. In Drosophila melanogaster, Windei is needed for H3K9me3 in female germ line cells.

T-tube or no T-tube in cadaveric orthotopic liver transplantation: the eternal dilemma: results of a prospective and randomized clinical trial.

Objective: To compare the incidence and severity of biliary complications due to liver transplantation after choledochocholedochostomy with or without a T-tube in a single-center, prospective, randomized trial.

Summary Background Data: The usefulness of the T-tube for end-to-end biliary anastomosis to reduce the incidence of biliary complications in patients undergoing liver transplantation has been controversial.

Methods: A per-protocol analysis was designed for liver recipients, who were randomly assigned to choledochocholedochostomy with (n = 95) or without (n = 92) a T-tube.

Associations among physician advice, physical activity, and socio-demographic groups in older Spanish adults.

This study examined the relationship between medical advice to engage in physical activity with type of demand required by physical activity and demographic variables. A cross-sectional study was developed, featuring a questionnaire on physicians' advice, and type of demand. The questionnaire was completed by a probability and nationwide sample of older adults in Spain (n = 933, M = 74.

Identification and functional characterization of an ovarian aquaporin from the cockroach Blattella germanica L. (Dictyoptera, Blattellidae).

Aquaporins (AQPs) are membrane proteins that form water channels, allowing rapid movement of water across cell membranes. AQPs have been reported in species of all life kingdoms and in almost all tissues, but little is known about them in insects. Our purpose was to explore the occurrence of AQPs in the ovary of the phylogenetically basal insect Blattella germanica (L.

[Reflections on 250 interventions for colorectal carcinoma metastases to the liver].

Introduction: The best results in the treatment of colorectal cancer metastases to the liver are currently achieved with surgical resection performed under high quality standards. OBJECTIVES. To analyze the results and quality standards of the surgical treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastases in a referral liver unit over an 11-year period.

Role of the smoking-induced cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A2 and polymorphic CYP2D6 in steady-state concentration of olanzapine.

This study investigated whether the smokinginducible cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 and the polymorphic CYP2D6 play significant roles in the metabolism of olanzapine and its clinical effects at steady-state treatment. Caffeine and debrisoquine were used as measures of CYP1A2 and CYP2D6, respectively. After drug therapy for 15 days, the effect of olanzapine on the activities of CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 was also examined.

[Sib-sib correlations of cardiovascular risk factors: the Cuenca study].

Unlabelled: To analyze the sib-sib correlation of the cardiovascular risk factors.

Subjects And Method: A cross-sectional study was made in 115 sibling pairs. Sociodemographic variables, weight, height, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and fasting plasma total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, apo A-I, apo B and Lp(a) concentrations.

Pharmacokinetic interaction of fluvoxamine and thioridazine in schizophrenic patients.

This study investigated to what extent fluvoxamine affects the pharmacokinetics of thioridazine (THD) in schizophrenic patients under steady-state conditions. Concentrations of THD, mesoridazine, and sulforidazine were measured in plasma samples obtained from 10 male inpatients, aged 36 to 78 years, at three different time points: A, during habitual monotherapy with THD at 88 +/-54 mg/day; B, after addition of a low dosage of fluvoxamine (25 mg twice a day) for 1 week; and C, 2 weeks after fluvoxamine discontinuation. After the addition of fluvoxamine, THD concentrations relative to time point A significantly increased approximately threefold from 0.

Effects of caffeine withdrawal from the diet on the metabolism of clozapine in schizophrenic patients.

Both clozapine (CLZ) and caffeine are CYP1A2 substrates. This study raises the hypothesis of whether caffeine withdrawal from the diet alters the metabolism and/or clinical status of patients receiving CLZ. Seven schizophrenic patients (six men and one woman) receiving monotherapy with CLZ at 271+/-102 mg/day (3.

Debrisoquin and mephenytoin hydroxylation phenotypes and CYP2D6 genotype in patients treated with neuroleptic and antidepressant agents.

Debrisoquin and S-mephenytoin hydroxylation phenotypes were determined in 72 Spanish psychiatric patients treated with neuroleptic or antidepressant agents. One patient (1.4%) was classified as a poor metabolizer of S-mephenytoin.