Corrigendum: Normal Values of Corrected Heart-Rate Variability in 10-Second Electrocardiograms for All Ages.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.

Normal Values of QT Variability in 10-s Electrocardiograms for all Ages.

QT variability is a promising electrocardiographic marker. It has been studied as a screening tool for coronary artery disease and left ventricular hypertrophy, and increased QT variability is a known risk factor for sudden cardiac death. Considering that comprehensive normal values for QT variability were lacking, we set out to establish these in standard 10-s electrocardiograms (ECGs) covering both sexes and all ages.

Comparison of automated interval measurements by widely used algorithms in digital electrocardiographs.

Background: Automated measurements of electrocardiographic (ECG) intervals by current-generation digital electrocardiographs are critical to computer-based ECG diagnostic statements, to serial comparison of ECGs, and to epidemiological studies of ECG findings in populations. A previous study demonstrated generally small but often significant systematic differences among 4 algorithms widely used for automated ECG in the United States and that measurement differences could be related to the degree of abnormality of the underlying tracing. Since that publication, some algorithms have been adjusted, whereas other large manufacturers of automated ECGs have asked to participate in an extension of this comparison.

Normal Values of Corrected Heart-Rate Variability in 10-Second Electrocardiograms for All Ages.

Heart-rate variability (HRV) measured on standard 10-s electrocardiograms (ECGs) has been associated with increased risk of cardiac and all-cause mortality, but age- and sex-dependent normal values have not been established. Since heart rate strongly affects HRV, its effect should be taken into account. We determined a comprehensive set of normal values of heart-rate corrected HRV derived from 10-s ECGs for both children and adults, covering both sexes.

Validation of automatic measurement of QT interval variability.

Background: Increased variability of beat-to-beat QT-interval durations on the electrocardiogram (ECG) has been associated with increased risk for fatal and non-fatal cardiac events. However, techniques for the measurement of QT variability (QTV) have not been validated since a gold standard is not available. In this study, we propose a validation method and illustrate its use for the validation of two automatic QTV measurement techniques.

Normal values of the electrocardiogram for ages 16-90 years.

Introduction: To establish an up-to-date and comprehensive set of normal values for the clinically current measurements in the adult ECG, covering all ages for both sexes.

Methods: The study population included 13,354 individuals, taken from four population studies in The Netherlands, ranging in age from 16 to 90 years (55% men) and cardiologically healthy by commonly accepted criteria. Standard 12-lead ECGs were available for all participants.

Short-term QT variability markers for the prediction of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death: a systematic review.

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a major health burden and is primarily caused by ventricular arrhythmias. Currently, the most well-known marker for the risk of ventricular arrhythmias is QT/QTc prolongation. Animal studies indicate that QT variability might be a better indicator.

Professor Herman Burger (1893-1965), eminent teacher and scientist, who laid the theoretical foundations of vectorcardiography--and electrocardiography.

Einthoven not only designed a high quality instrument, the string galvanometer, for recording the ECG, he also shaped the conceptual framework to understand it. He reduced the body to an equilateral triangle and the cardiac electric activity to a dipole, represented by an arrow (i.e.

Comparison of prognosis in unrecognized versus recognized myocardial infarction in men versus women >55 years of age (from the Rotterdam Study).

Unrecognized myocardial infarction (MI) is frequent in the general population. Its prognosis is reported to be at least as unpropitious as that of recognized MI, particularly in men. However, contemporary data with long follow-up are lacking.

Common variants in 22 loci are associated with QRS duration and cardiac ventricular conduction.

The QRS interval, from the beginning of the Q wave to the end of the S wave on an electrocardiogram, reflects ventricular depolarization and conduction time and is a risk factor for mortality, sudden death and heart failure. We performed a genome-wide association meta-analysis in 40,407 individuals of European descent from 14 studies, with further genotyping in 7,170 additional Europeans, and we identified 22 loci associated with QRS duration (P < 5 × 10(-8)). These loci map in or near genes in pathways with established roles in ventricular conduction such as sodium channels, transcription factors and calcium-handling proteins, but also point to previously unidentified biologic processes, such as kinase inhibitors and genes related to tumorigenesis.

Domperidone and ventricular arrhythmia or sudden cardiac death: a population-based case-control study in the Netherlands.

Background: Recently, a 4-fold increase in risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) was reported for domperidone in a study that focused on corrected QT interval (QTc)-prolonging drugs as a class and their association with SCD.

Objective: To evaluate the association between the use of domperidone and serious non-fatal ventricular arrhythmia (VA) and SCD in the general population.

Methods: We performed a population-based, case-control study during 1996-2007 in the Integrated Primary Care Information (IPCI) database, a longitudinal general practice research database in the Netherlands.

Local depolarization abnormalities are the dominant pathophysiologic mechanism for type 1 electrocardiogram in brugada syndrome a study of electrocardiograms, vectorcardiograms, and body surface potential maps during ajmaline provocation.

Objectives: We sought to obtain new insights into the pathophysiologic basis of Brugada syndrome (BrS) by studying changes in various electrocardiographic depolarization and/or repolarization variables that occurred with the development of the signature type 1 BrS electrocardiogram (ECG) during ajmaline provocation testing.

Background: BrS is associated with sudden cardiac death. Its pathophysiologic basis, although unresolved, is believed to reside in abnormal cardiac depolarization or abnormal repolarization.

Methodology of QT-interval measurement in the modular ECG analysis system (MEANS).

Background: QT prolongation as can be induced by drugs, signals the risk of life-threatening arrhythmias. The methodology of QT measurement in the modular ECG analysis system (MEANS) is described.

Methods: In the simultaneously recorded leads of the standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), the QRS complexes are detected by a spatial velocity function.

The meaning of the Tp-Te interval and its diagnostic value.

Background: The interval between T peak (Tp) and T end (Te) has been proposed as a measure of transmural dispersion of repolarization, but experimental and clinical studies to validate Tp-Te have given conflicting results. We have investigated the meaning of Tp-Te and its diagnostic potential.

Methods: We used a digital model of the left ventricular wall to simulate the effect of varying action potential durations on the timing of Tp and Te.

Electrocardiographic criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy in children.

Previous studies to determine the sensitivity of the electrocardiogram (ECG) for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in children had their imperfections: they were not done on an unselected hospital population, several criteria used in adults were not applied to children, and obsolete limits of normal for the ECG parameters were used. Furthermore, left ventricular mass (LVM) was taken as the reference standard for LVH, with no regard for other clinical evidence. The study population consisted of 832 children from whom a 12-lead ECG and an M-mode echocardiogram were taken on the same day.

Mirror image electrocardiograms and additional electrocardiographic leads: new wine in old wineskins?

Background: Mirror image electrocardiograms (ECGs), obtained by inverting the original signals, and additional precordial leads have been proposed as means to improve ECG diagnosis. The theoretical backgrounds of these proposals are discussed.

Methods: In 746 body surface potential maps, the mirror areas of the 6 precordial leads, V(3)R, and 2 more leads higher up and 1 lower down the thorax have been determined.