Arabidopsis WALL-ASSOCIATED KINASES are not required for oligogalacturonide-induced signaling and immunity.

Carbohydrate-based cell wall signaling impacts plant growth, development, and stress responses; however, how cell wall signals are perceived and transduced remains poorly understood. Several cell wall breakdown products have been described as typical damage-associated molecular patterns that activate plant immunity, including pectin-derived oligogalacturonides (OGs). Receptor kinases of the WALL-ASSOCIATED KINASE (WAK) family bind pectin and OGs and were previously proposed as OG receptors.

The conserved AvrE family of bacterial effectors: functions and targets during pathogenesis.

The AvrE family of type III secreted effectors are highly conserved among many agriculturally important phytopathogenic bacteria. Despite their critical roles in the pathogenesis of phytopathogenic bacteria, the molecular functions and virulence mechanisms of these effectors have been largely unknown. However, recent studies have identified host-interacting proteins and demonstrated that AvrE family effectors can form water-permeable channels in the plant plasma membrane (PM) to create a hydrated and nutrient-rich extracellular space (apoplast) required for disease establishment.

Reactive Species Risk Assessment Using Optimized HET-CAM Safety Evaluation of Feed Gas-Modified Gas Plasma Technology and Anticancer Drugs.

Clinical therapies, including dermatology and oncology, require safe application. In vitro experiments allow only limited conclusions about in vivo effects, while animal studies in, e.g.

Cutin-derived oligomers induce hallmark plant immune responses.

The cuticle constitutes the outermost defensive barrier of most land plants. It comprises a polymeric matrix-cutin, surrounded by soluble waxes. Moreover, the cuticle constitutes the first line of defense against pathogen invasion, while also protecting the plant from many abiotic stresses.

Impact of the Timing of Mechanical Circulatory Support on the Outcomes in Myocardial Infarction-Related Cardiogenic Shock: Subanalysis of the PREPARE CS Registry.

(1) : Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) in myocardial infarction-associated cardiogenic shock is subject to debate. This analysis aims to elucidate the impact of MCS's timing on patient outcomes, based on data from the PREPARE CS registry. (2) : The PREPARE CS prospective registry includes patients who experienced cardiogenic shock (SCAI classes C-E) and were subsequently referred for cardiac catheterization.

Special Issue "Coronary Artery Disease Interventions".

The treatment and burden of patients with severe ischemic heart disease, whether acute or chronic, remain some of the greatest challenges in cardiology [...

Clinical Uptake of Pediatric Exoskeletons: Pilot Study Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

Objective: While the design and clinical evidence base of robot-assisted gait training devices has been advancing, few studies investigate user experiences with accessing and using such devices in pediatric rehabilitation. This pilot study aims to further the understanding of barriers encountered by clinicians and caregivers when implementing a robot-assisted gait training device.

Design: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted at a local outpatient pediatric therapy center with a robot-assisted gait training exoskeleton.

Shaping microbiome function with a human milk-oligosaccharide synbiotic.

In a recent article, Button and colleagues demonstrate that human milk oligosaccharides create a nutrient niche that supports reversible colonization by Bifidobacterium infantis. Using this tunable system, they assessed the impact of B. infantis on microbiome recovery after antibiotic treatment.

Constraints on Early Dark Energy from Isotropic Cosmic Birefringence.

Polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is sensitive to new physics violating parity symmetry, such as the presence of a pseudoscalar "axionlike" field. Such a field may be responsible for early dark energy (EDE), which is active prior to recombination and provides a solution to the so-called Hubble tension. The EDE field coupled to photons in a parity-violating manner would rotate the plane of linear polarization of the CMB and produce a cross-correlation power spectrum of E- and B-mode polarization fields with opposite parities.

Gas Flow Shaping via Novel Modular Nozzle System (MoNoS) Augments kINPen-Mediated Toxicity and Immunogenicity in Tumor Organoids.

Medical gas plasma is an experimental technology for anticancer therapy. Here, partial gas ionization yielded reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, placing the technique at the heart of applied redox biomedicine. Especially with the gas plasma jet kINPen, anti-tumor efficacy was demonstrated.

PRospective REgistry of PAtients in REfractory cardiogenic shock-The PREPARE CardShock registry.

Aim: Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a hemodynamically complex multisystem syndrome associated with persistently high morbidity and mortality. As CS is characterized by progressive failure to provide adequate systemic perfusion, supporting end-organ perfusion using mechanical circulatory support (MCS) seems intriguing. Since most patients with CS present in the catheterization laboratory, percutaneously implantable systems have the widest adoption in the field.

Investigation of procalcitonin and beta-defensin2 in the serum and feces of dogs with acute diarrhea.

Background: Acute diarrhea is a common clinical condition where clinical parameters are used to assess disease severity, course, and prognosis.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate procalcitonin (PCT) and beta-defensin2 (Bdef2) as biomarkers for disease severity, course, and prognosis of dogs with acute diarrhea.

Methods: Dogs with acute diarrhea (enteritis group [EG], n = 35) were compared with 30 healthy controls.

No Consequence for Lateral View X-Ray in Displaced Proximal Femoral Fractures in the Elderly.

Due to demographic changes, proximal femoral fractures (PFF) in the elderly rise constantly. The standard diagnostic tool is still the X-ray of the pelvis/hip in two planes. Our hypothesis was that the lateral-view X-ray has little influence on classification, planning of the operative procedure, and choice of implant in geriatric patients.

Orthogeriatric co-management for proximal femoral fractures. Can two additions make a big difference?

Background: Proximal femoral fractures are a major socioeconomic burden and they occur mainly in geriatric patients. High mortality and complication rates are reported. To reduce the mortality and morbidity of these patients, co-management with geriatricians has been recommended.

Cranial Backspatter Pattern Production Utilizing Human Cadavers.

A backspatter pattern results from blood drops that travel retrograde to an applied external force. Historically, an array of animals and nonhuman objects have been used to create and study backspatter patterns. In this study, backspatter patterns captured on foam core targets that were placed 45.

Spontaneous pneumothorax associated with Aspergillus bronchopneumonia in a dog.

Objective: To describe a case of pulmonary aspergillosis in a previously healthy dog that manifested as a spontaneous pneumothorax.

Case Summary: A 3-year-old neutered male mixed-breed dog was presented with inappetence and respiratory distress. Thoracic radiography revealed a right-sided pneumothorax.

Retrospective evaluation of presenting temperature of urethral obstructed male cats and the association with severity of azotemia and length of hospitalization: 243 cats (2006-2009).

Objectives: To evaluate whether the presenting rectal temperature and level of azotemia predicts the length of hospitalization (LOH) in a population of obstructed male cats. To describe the relationships between physical examination parameters, blood electrolytes, and azotemia in a clinical population of obstructed male cats.

Design: Retrospective clinical study.

Elevated serum thymidine kinase activity in canine splenic hemangiosarcoma*.

Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) is a soluble biomarker associated with DNA synthesis. This prospective study evaluated serum TK1 activity in dogs presenting with hemoabdomen and a splenic mass. An ELISA using azidothymidine as a substrate was used to evaluate TK1 activity.

Therapy and outcome of suspected alpha lipoic acid toxicity in two dogs.

Objective: To report a suspected toxicity in 2 dogs; to discuss therapy and prognosis.

Series Summary: Suspected alpha lipoic acid (ALA) toxicity was diagnosed based on clinical history and compatible laboratory findings in 2 dogs. Case 1 was presented within 10 hours of ALA ingestion, with initial behavioral changes likely due to hypoglycemia.

A comparison of injection force and dosage scale size between NovoPen 3 and NovoPen 4.

Background: Easy-to-use insulin devices are an important tool in the treatment of diabetes. In this study, injection force requirements and dosage scale displays were evaluated for NovoPen 3 and NovoPen 4 (both from Novo Nordisk A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark).

Methods: To simulate 5 years of expected lifetime usage, 5,475 injections were performed automatically.

Canine cardiac mesothelioma with granular cell morphology.

Cardiac mesothelioma with granular cell features was diagnosed in a 10-year-old Golden Retriever presenting with pericardial and abdominal effusions. The diagnosis was based on gross, morphologic, and immunohistochemical features. The immunohistochemical profile of the neoplasm was pancytokeratin positive, vimentin positive, and S-100 negative; most gross and morphologic features were consistent with both mesothelioma and granular cell tumor.

[The chronic central fracture dislocation of the hip].

The acetabulum fracture with chronic dislocation of the femoral head is relatively uncommon. Due to complex morphology and bone defect of the acetabular dome, stable internal fixation is difficult. Primary total hip arthroplasty represents an alternative treatment.

Myoplasmic calcium regulation in myotubes from horses with recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis.

Objective: To determine whether alterations in myoplasmic calcium regulation can be identified in muscle cell cultures (myotubes) and intact muscle fiber bundles derived from Thoroughbreds affected with recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis (RER).

Animals: 6 related Thoroughbreds with RER and 8 clinically normal (control) Thoroughbred or crossbred horses.

Procedures: Myotube cell cultures were grown from satellite cells obtained from muscle biopsy specimens of RER-affected and control horses.