Combined Papillectomy and Autologous Conjunctival Membrane Graft as Management of Giant Papillae for Severe, Refractory Palpebral Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis-A Case Report.

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is an allergic disease that predominantly affects young individuals, with a higher incidence among males. Traditionally seen as a condition of childhood that resolves at puberty, recent studies have shown persistent cases in some individuals, potentially influenced by hot and dry tropical environmental conditions. VKC is more prevalent in regions with a hot and humid climate and a high presence of airborne allergens, leading to significant morbidity and impacting the quality of life for affected individuals.

Sight-Threatening Condition in Severe Thyroid Eye Disease: How We Should Manage.

Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune disorder that is associated with thyroid gland dysfunction which causes muscle and orbital fat enlargement. This case report is aimed to present a case of sight-threatening TED and how we should manage this condition. We present a case of patient with chief complaint of vision loss and prominent eyes for 5 months prior to the visit to our eye hospital.

Practical Guidelines Management of Graves Ophthalmopathy.

Graves' ophthalmopathy is the most common extra-thyroid manifestation in patients with Graves' disease, based on inflammatory and autoimmune conditions in orbital tissue. This practical guideline was formed by a multidiciplinary team, and is intended to provide guidance for diagnosis and management of Graves' ophthalmopathy in daily clinical practice to improve quality of care and treatment outcome.