Improving Integration of Basic Science into Clinical Medicine: Vertical Integration into Clinical Education (VICE) Activity.

Unlabelled: The integration of basic science into clinical clerkships continues to be a challenge in medical curricula. We developed an integrated session for 3rd year medical students enrolled in OB-Gyn/Pediatric Block. The session focused on transplacental and perinatal infections, and consisted of a student-driven pedagogy activity in which students were required to explain the basic science principles behind the pathophysiology of the clinical presentations, the work-up, and the treatment of the infections.

Design and modelling of an engineered bacteria-based, pressure-sensitive soil.

In this paper, we describe the first steps in the design of a synthetic biological system based on the use of genetically modified bacteria to detect elevated pressures in soils and respond by cementing soil particles. Such a system might, for example, enable a self- constructed foundation to form in response to load using engineered bacteria which could be seeded and grown in the soils. This process would reduce the need for large-scale excavations and may be the basis for a new generation of self-assembling and responsive bio-based materials.

American College of Critical Care Medicine Clinical Practice Parameters for Hemodynamic Support of Pediatric and Neonatal Septic Shock.

Objectives: The American College of Critical Care Medicine provided 2002 and 2007 guidelines for hemodynamic support of newborn and pediatric septic shock. Provide the 2014 update of the 2007 American College of Critical Care Medicine "Clinical Guidelines for Hemodynamic Support of Neonates and Children with Septic Shock."

Design: Society of Critical Care Medicine members were identified from general solicitation at Society of Critical Care Medicine Educational and Scientific Symposia (2006-2014).

Limitations of disordered carbons obtained from biomass as anodes for real lithium-ion batteries.

Two disordered microporous carbons were obtained from two different types of biomass residues: olive and cherry stones. The former (OS) was activated physically under steam while the latter (CS) chemically with an aqueous solution of ZnCl(2). Their structural and textural properties were studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and N(2) adsorption/desorption.

Multicenter cohort study of out-of-hospital pediatric cardiac arrest.

Objectives: To describe a large cohort of children with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with return of circulation and to identify factors in the early postarrest period associated with survival. These objectives were for planning an interventional trial of therapeutic hypothermia after pediatric cardiac arrest.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at 15 Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network clinical sites over an 18-month study period.

In-hospital versus out-of-hospital pediatric cardiac arrest: a multicenter cohort study.

Objectives: : To describe a large multicenter cohort of pediatric cardiac arrest (CA) with return of circulation (ROC) from either the in-hospital (IH) or the out-of-hospital (OH) setting and to determine whether significant differences related to pre-event, arrest event, early postarrest event characteristics, and outcomes exist that would be critical in planning a clinical trial of therapeutic hypothermia (TH).

Design: : Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: : Fifteen Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network sites.

Multicenter cohort study of in-hospital pediatric cardiac arrest.

Objectives: 1) To describe clinical characteristics, hospital courses, and outcomes of a cohort of children cared for within the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network who experienced in-hospital cardiac arrest with sustained return of circulation between July 1, 2003 and December 31, 2004, and 2) to identify factors associated with hospital mortality in this population. These data are required to prepare a randomized trial of therapeutic hypothermia on neurobehavioral outcomes in children after in-hospital cardiac arrest.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Clinical practice parameters for hemodynamic support of pediatric and neonatal septic shock: 2007 update from the American College of Critical Care Medicine.

Background: The Institute of Medicine calls for the use of clinical guidelines and practice parameters to promote "best practices" and to improve patient outcomes.

Objective: 2007 update of the 2002 American College of Critical Care Medicine Clinical Guidelines for Hemodynamic Support of Neonates and Children with Septic Shock.

Participants: Society of Critical Care Medicine members with special interest in neonatal and pediatric septic shock were identified from general solicitation at the Society of Critical Care Medicine Educational and Scientific Symposia (2001-2006).

Low bias flow oscillation with heliox in oleic acid-induced lung injury.

Objective: To evaluate Co(2) clearance in oleic acid-induced lung injury in rabbits receiving high-frequency oscillatory ventilation with helium-oxygen mixtures through a low bias flow oscillation system designed to conserve expensive gases.

Design: A prospective, controlled, interventional, in vivo animal laboratory study.

Setting: Research laboratory of a health sciences university.

Perfluorooctyl bromide (perflubron) attenuates oxidative injury to biological and nonbiological systems.

Objective: To examine whether perfluorooctyl bromide (perflubron) is capable of protecting biological and nonbiological systems against oxidative damage through a mechanism independent of its known anti-inflammatory property.

Design: A controlled, in vitro laboratory study.

Setting: Research laboratory of a health sciences university.

Heliox enhances carbon dioxide clearance from lungs of normal rabbits during low bias flow oscillation.

Objectives: To evaluate carbon dioxide clearance in normal rabbits during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation with helium-oxygen mixtures by using a low bias flow oscillation (LBFO) system designed to conserve expensive gas.

Design: A prospective, paired-controlled, interventional, in vivo animal laboratory study.

Setting: Animal laboratory of a health science university.

Comparison of lung protective ventilation strategies in a rabbit model of acute lung injury.

Objective: To determine the impact of different protective and nonprotective mechanical ventilation strategies on the degree of pulmonary inflammation, oxidative damage, and hemodynamic stability in a saline lavage model of acute lung injury.

Design: A prospective, randomized, controlled, in vivo animal laboratory study.

Setting: Animal research facility of a health sciences university.

Partial liquid ventilation with perflubron attenuates in vivo oxidative damage to proteins and lipids.

Objective: To determine the impact of partial liquid ventilation on the degree of pulmonary damage by reactive oxygen species in a model of acute lung injury caused by systemic endotoxemia.

Design: A prospective, controlled, in vivo, animal laboratory study.

Setting: Animal research facility of a health sciences university.

Regional pulmonary blood flow during partial liquid ventilation in normal and acute oleic acid-induced lung-injured piglets.

Objective: To determine the spatial distribution of pulmonary blood flow in three groups of piglets: partial liquid ventilation in normal piglets, partial liquid ventilation during acute lung injury, and conventional gas ventilation during acute lung injury.

Design: Prospective randomized study.

Setting: A university medical school laboratory approved for animal research.

Pathophysiology of cardiac extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

The treatment of cardiogenic shock using inotropic agents and vascular volume expansion places an added burden on the heart. The resultant increase in cardiac work may cause myocardial ischemia and lead to cardiac arrest. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may be used to treat cardiogenic shock.

Partial liquid ventilation influences pulmonary histopathology in an animal model of acute lung injury.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of partial liquid ventilation (PLV) and conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) in the pattern of distribution of lung injury in a rabbit model of acute lung injury.

Materials And Methods: Animals (1.5 to 3.

High-frequency partial liquid ventilation in respiratory distress syndrome: hemodynamics and gas exchange.

Partial liquid ventilation using conventional ventilatory schemes improves lung function in animal models of respiratory failure. We examined the feasibility of high-frequency partial liquid ventilation in the preterm lamb with respiratory distress syndrome and evaluated its effect on pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics. Seventeen lambs were studied in three groups: high-frequency gas ventilation (Gas group), high-frequency partial liquid ventilation (Liquid group), and high-frequency partial liquid ventilation with hypoxia-hypercarbia (Liquid-Hypoxia group).

Perfluorocarbon-associated gas exchange in normal and acid-injured large sheep.

Objectives: We hypothesized that a) perfluorocarbon-associated gas exchange could be accomplished in normal large sheep; b) the determinants of gas exchange would be similar during perfluorocarbon-associated gas exchange and conventional gas ventilation; c)in large animals with lung injury, perfluorocarbon-associated gas exchange could be used to enhance gas exchange without adverse effects on hemodynamics; and d) the large animal with lung injury could be supported with an FIO2 of <1.0 during perfluorocarbon-associated gas exchange.

Design: Prospective, observational animal study and prospective randomized, controlled animal study.

Perfluorocarbon-associated gas exchange improves oxygenation, lung mechanics, and survival in a model of adult respiratory distress syndrome.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of perfluorocarbon-associated gas exchange to volume controlled positive pressure breathing in supporting gas exchange, lung mechanics, and survival in an acute lung injury model.

Design: A prospective, randomized study.

Setting: A university medical school laboratory approved for animal research.

Prolonged studies of perfluorocarbon associated gas exchange and of the resumption of conventional mechanical ventilation.

Objective: To determine whether oxygenation and lung mechanics are preserved during perfluorocarbon associated gas exchange of 24 hrs duration and after evaporation of perfluorocarbon.

Design: Prospective, experimental animal trials.

Setting: Animal laboratory in a university setting.

Cardiorespiratory effects of perfluorocarbon-associated gas exchange at reduced oxygen concentrations.

Objective: To determine whether reducing FIO2 during perfluorocarbon-associated gas exchange would cause deterioration of hemodynamics, lung mechanics, or gas exchange in normal piglets.

Design: A prospective, controlled animal trial.

Setting: Experimental animal laboratory in a university setting.

Partial liquid ventilation in premature lambs with respiratory distress syndrome: efficacy and compatibility with exogenous surfactant.

Objective: To determine the efficacy of partial liquid ventilation (PLV) by means of a medical-grade perfluorochemical liquid, perflubron (LiquiVent), in premature lambs with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Further, to determine the compatibility of perflubron with exogenous surfactant both in vitro and in vivo during PLV.

Design: Prospective, randomized, controlled study, with in vitro open comparison.

Perfluorocarbon-associated gas exchange in gastric aspiration.

Objectives: To test whether perfluorocarbon-associated gas exchange (gas ventilation of the perfluorocarbon-liquid filled lung) could support oxygenation better than conventional positive pressure breathing in a piglet model of gastric aspiration-induced adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Design: Prospective, randomized, blinded, controlled study.

Setting: A critical care research laboratory in a university medical school.