Social connections related to health and well-being needs identified by children and adolescents affected by displacement in Lebanon: a participatory research study.

Introduction: The social connections surrounding children and adolescents support them in facing challenges and seeking help, ultimately acting as a protective factor in their mental, physical, and behavioral health outcomes across the life course. In complex contexts of political instability and dislocation, these social resources are often fractured, strained, or altogether unavailable, which restricts access to essential services and affects outcomes for these populations. This study aims to identify, characterize, and visually depict social connections related to the health and well-being needs of children and adolescents affected by displacement in Lebanon, by pilot testing the Participatory Assessment Tool for Mapping Social Connections (PATMSC).

A process study of early achievements and challenges in countries engaged with the WHO Special Initiative for Mental Health.

Background: There is increasing awareness of the importance of the transformation of mental health systems. Launched in 2019, the WHO Special Initiative for Mental Health seeks to accelerate access to quality and affordable care for mental health conditions as an integral component of Universal Health Coverage. Nine countries are currently engaged with the initiative.

Erratum: Improving psychosocial well-being and parenting practices among refugees in Uganda: Results of the journey of life effectiveness trial - CORRIGENDUM.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2024.

Improving psychosocial well-being and parenting practices among refugees in Uganda: Results of the journey of life effectiveness trial.

Caregivers play a critical role in mediating the impacts of forced displacement on children; however, humanitarian programming remains hampered by a lack of evidence-based programming. We present findings from an evaluation of a group-based curriculum delivered over the course of 12 sessions, journey of life (JoL). A waitlist-control quasi-experimental design was implemented in the Kiryandongo refugee settlement (intervention n = 631, control n = 676).

In-Person Social Interactions and Anxiety During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Exploring the Role of Household Size and Virtual Social Contact Among Midlife and Older Black South African Adults.

Objectives: The current study investigates how physical distancing during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was associated with increased anxiety among a cohort of midlife older Black South African adults and the extent to which household size and virtual social contact modify this association for men and women.

Methods: We analyze data from a phone survey conducted from July 2021 to March 2022 as part of Health and Aging in Africa: A Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community in South Africa (n = 2,080). We employ logistic regression to estimate the association between changes in in-person social interactions and anxiety symptoms and examine whether the association is modified by household size and changes in virtual social contact.

Alcohol use and internal migration in Nepal: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Alcohol use is a leading cause of disease. Although low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have lower per capita alcohol consumption, the alcohol-attributable disease burden is high in these settings with consumption increasing. LMICs are also experiencing unprecedented levels of internal migration, potentially increasing mental stress, changing social restrictions on drinking, and increasing alcohol availability.

Refugee caregivers: Associations between psychosocial wellbeing and parenting in Uganda.

Caregivers in humanitarian settings experience compounding stressors that may challenge their ability to provide quality parenting to children in their care. In recognition of this precarity, our analysis examines the linkage between psychosocial wellbeing and parenting behaviours among caregivers in Kiryandongo Settlement, Uganda. Using baseline data from an evaluation of a psychosocial intervention designed to support caregiver wellbeing and engage caregivers to support children in their communities, multi-variable ordinary least square regressions were used to estimate how various measures of psychosocial wellbeing (i.

Ensuring equity in mental health and psychosocial support during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.

Populations affected by armed conflict and other humanitarian crises are at elevated risk for mental health problems. While the COVID-19 pandemic has had broadly deleterious effects on livelihoods, economic well-being, and population health worldwide, vulnerable groups have been disproportionately impacted by the pandemic. Providing mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) services during these times to vulnerable groups, especially in low- and middle-income countries and humanitarian settings, is essential.

What can we learn about polytrauma typologies by comparing population-representative to trauma-exposed samples: A Nepali example.

Background: Potentially traumatic events (PTEs) are common and associated with detrimental outcomes over the life-course. Previous studies exploring the causes and consequences of PTE-exposure profiles are often from high-income settings and fail to explore the implications of sample selection (i.e.

Community-Level Social Support Infrastructure and Adult Onset of Major Depressive Disorder in a South Asian Postconflict Setting.

Importance: Individual-level social support protects against major depressive disorder (MDD) among adults exposed to trauma. Little is known about the consequences of community-level interventions in the general population.

Objective: To determine the potential consequences of neighborhood social infrastructure on incident MDD in a high-risk general population.

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, can an anatomic femoral tunnel be achieved with the trans-tibial technique? Cadaveric study.

Purpose: To evaluate the possibility to access the anatomic femoral insertion of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) through trans-tibial (TT) and trans-portal technique, for ACL reconstruction in an independent way. To register anatomical characteristics of the TT tunnels.

Methods: Ten formaldehyde preserved knee anatomic articular specimens were dissected.

COVID-19 worries, concerns and mitigation behaviours: A snapshot of Nepal during the first wave.

Objectives: To understand COVID-19 worries and how they influence COVID-19 mitigation behaviours, especially in communities prior to case surges, in Nepal.

Methods: Data related to COVID-19 impacts on life disruptions were collected from households in the Chitwan Valley Family Study, a 25-year community panel study, during February-April 2021. COVID-19 worry was measured by the extent of respondent concern for themselves or household members getting COVID-19 in the prior 2 weeks.

Mental Health First Aid: A Systematic Review of Trainee Behavior and Recipient Mental Health Outcomes.

Objective: Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) is a globally disseminated course that trains members of the public to recognize and respond to mental health issues in their communities. Although substantial evidence suggests that MHFA training is associated with positive changes in knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intent, little is known about how MHFA trainee-delivered aid supports mental health needs. This systematic review sought to summarize the extant research evaluating MHFA trainees' helping behaviors and the impacts of these behaviors on people experiencing a mental health problem (i.

Protocol for a caregiver psychosocial support intervention for populations affected by displacement in Uganda.

Background: Child psychological distress in refugee settings is a significant public health concern, which is exacerbated by poor caregiver mental health and functioning. However, there are limited studies about effective interventions to improve caregiver mental health in support of child wellbeing. The objective of the current study is to evaluate the effectiveness and implementation of the Journey of Life (JoL) intervention to improve caregiver mental health in a refugee camp in Western Uganda.

The Child PTSD Symptom Scale: Psychometric Properties among Earthquake Survivors.

Evidence for a single underlying factor structure of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children remains elusive. We assessed the underlying factor structure of the Child PTSD Symptom Scale through exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) in 570 survivors of the 2015 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal. The EFA suggests that the three-factor DSM-IV model fit these data best.

Exposure to Armed Conflict in Childhood vs Older Ages and Subsequent Onset of Major Depressive Disorder.

Importance: This study offers a rare opportunity to evaluate life-course differences in the likelihood of developing major depressive disorder (MDD) after exposure to georeferenced neighborhood-level violence during an armed conflict.

Objective: To examine age cohort (age <11 vs ≥11 years) differences in associations of neighborhood-level violence with subsequent depression onset, independently of individual exposure and other key characteristics.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The Chitwan Valley Family Study is a population-representative panel study (1995 to present) conducted in Western Chitwan in Nepal, a low-income country that experienced a medium-intensity armed conflict from 2000 to 2006.

Resilience and adjustment trajectories amongst children in displacement-affected communities in Zarqa, Jordan.

Background: The experiences of protracted conflict and displacement are clear threats to children's developmental progress. Understanding the factors that shape the trajectories of children's well-being and adjustment in such contexts is important for informing interventions.

Methods: We collected data at three time points from a sample of Syrian refugee and Jordanian children (n=650) residing in Zarqa, Jordan who met eligibility criteria for humanitarian programming.

Short- and longer-term impacts of Child Friendly Space Interventions in Rwamwanja Refugee Settlement, Uganda.

Background: The establishment of Child Friendly Spaces (CFSs) has become a widespread intervention targeting protection and support for displaced children in humanitarian contexts. There is a lack of evidence of impact of these interventions with respect to both short-term outcomes and longer-term developmental trajectories.

Methods: We collected data from caregivers of Congolese refugee children residing in Rwamwanja Refugee Settlement at three timepoints.

Child friendly spaces impact across five humanitarian settings: a meta-analysis.

Background: Humanitarian crises present major threats to the wellbeing of children. These threats include risks of violence, abduction and abuse, emotional distress and the disruption of development. Humanitarian response efforts frequently address these threats through psychosocial programming.

School violence, perceptions of safety and school attendance: results from a cross-sectional study in Rwanda and Uganda.

Background: Adolescents displaced by conflict face a number of risks, and access to education has potential to have multiple protective aspects in humanitarian settings. Yet, the impact of violence experienced at school by adolescents in humanitarian contexts is poorly understood, especially in terms of impacts on educational outcomes.

Methods: A household survey of adolescents in a refugee camp in Rwanda (n=274) and in two refugee settlements in Uganda (n=763) was conducted.

Latent class analysis of violence against adolescents and psychosocial outcomes in refugee settings in Uganda and Rwanda.

Background: Little is known about violence against children in refugee camps and settlements, and the evidence-base concerning mental health outcomes of youth in refugee settings in low and middle-income countries is similarly small. Evidence is needed to understand patterns of violence against children in refugee camps, and associations with adverse mental health outcomes.

Methods: Surveys were conducted with adolescent refugees (aged 13-17) in two refugee contexts - Kiziba Camp, Rwanda ( = 129) (refugees from Democratic Republic of Congo) and Adjumani and Kiryandongo refugee settlements, Uganda ( = 471) (refugees from South Sudan).

Insecurity, distress and mental health: experimental and randomized controlled trials of a psychosocial intervention for youth affected by the Syrian crisis.

Background: Strengthening the evidence base for humanitarian interventions that provide psychosocial support to war-affected youth is a key priority. We tested the impacts of an 8-week programme of structured activities informed by a profound stress attunement (PSA) framework (Advancing Adolescents), delivered in group-format to 12-18 year-olds in communities heavily affected by the Syrian crisis. We included both Syrian refugee and Jordanian youth.

An Ounce of Prevention: Deaths Averted From Primary Prevention Interventions.

Introduction: The U.S. lags in the nationwide implementation of primary prevention interventions that have been shown to be efficacious.