Rapid growth atypical mycobacteria infection associated with growth hormone injections: a case report.

Introduction: Infections caused by fast growing mycobacteria have increased markedly worldwide. They are normally associated with trauma, surgery or cosmetic interventions. Paraguay has a deficit in sanitary control including clinics, private practices, and aesthetic centres.

Effect of antibiotic prophylaxis on Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus virulence factor profiles in patients undergoing cataract surgery.

Purpose: In this prospective study, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify genes encoding virulence factors (ica, atlE and mecA) in Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) isolates from the ocular microbiota of patients undergoing cataract surgery and to investigate possible changes in the CNS profile due to antibiotic prophylaxis.

Methods: Between 09/2011 and 08/2013, patients undergoing cataract surgery were recruited at the Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Asuncion, Paraguay. In the eye to be operated on, patients received moxifloxacin 0.

Methicillin resistance and biofilm production of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates from infectious and normal flora conjunctiva.

Purpose: Coagulase-negative staphylococci have been reported to be the most frequent cause of bacterial postoperative endophthalmitis. Biofilm formation is the major virulence factor of Staphylococcus epidermidis and is often associated with methicillin resistance. This study aims at evaluating the presence of biofilm-producing and methicillin resistance genes (mecA) in S.

[Clinical and epidemiological aspects of toxoplasmosis in patients with vision problems].

Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide disease; it can cause decreased vision or even blindness. The route of transmission in humans may vary according to the habits of the region; probably the ingestion of raw or undercooked meat is the main source of infection.

Objective: To determine the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in an eye clinic, the frequency of ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) and risk habits for acquiring the infection.

Comparing Different Decontamination Procedures in Harvesting Human Donor Cornea.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of current hygiene standards for the enucleation of postmortem eyes by investigating the number of microorganisms during subsequent steps of decontamination and tissue processing.

Materials And Methods: This prospective, non-randomized cohort study includes 184 postmortem eyes of 92 human donors. Enucleation was performed, according to an ophthalmic surgical procedure.

[Demodex spp in chronic blepharitis patients].

Background: Blepharitis is a very common disease in the ophthalmologic practice generally taking a chronic course with intermittent exacerbations. Several studies have linked the presence of Demodex folliculorum with chronic blepharitis, since the mite has the capacity to perpetuate the follicular inflammatory process. The prevalence of infection by Demodex spp.

Comparison of 1-day versus 1-hour application of topical neomycin/polymyxin-B before cataract surgery.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of 2 prophylaxis regimens before cataract surgery using topical antibiotics (1 hour before surgery versus the day before), both with povidone-iodine, with regard to reducing the preoperative conjunctival bacterial load.

Setting: Tertiary ophthalmic referral center, Munich, Germany.

Design: Prospective comparative case series.

[Keratitis by Lasiodiplodia theobromae: a case report and literature review].

We report a case of mycotic keratitis caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae in a 60-year-old man with a history of ocular trauma with vegetable matter. Ophthalmological assessment with slit-lamp and microbiological evaluation of the corneal ulcer by conventional microbiological techniques were performed. Mycology study of the corneal scraping showed the presence of fungal filaments and the isolate was identified as Lasiodiplodia theobromae.

Incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis from 1990 to 2009 using povidone-iodine but no intracameral antibiotics at a single academic institution.

Purpose: To correlate the incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis with changes in the preoperative prophylaxis over a 20-year period.

Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.

Design: Retrospective chart review.

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of infectious keratitis in Paraguay.

To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with severe infectious keratitis in Asunción, Paraguay between April 2009 and September 2011. All patients with the clinical diagnosis of severe keratitis (ulcer ≥2 mm in size and/or central location) were included. Empiric treatment consisted of topical antibiotics and antimycotics; in cases of advanced keratitis, fortified antibiotics were used.

Endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection: decreasing incidence and clinical outcome-8-year results from a tertiary ophthalmic referral center.

Purpose: To report the incidence, clinical features, microbiologic culture results, management and visual outcome of patients with endophthalmitis after intravitreal injections (IVTs).

Methods: This retrospective chart review included all patients receiving IVTs between January 2005 and July 2012. Cases of suspected and confirmed endophthalmitis after IVT were identified and reviewed.

Comparison of the efficacy of povidone-iodine 1.0%, 5.0%, and 10.0% irrigation combined with topical levofloxacin 0.3% as preoperative prophylaxis in cataract surgery.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of povidone-iodine 1.0%, 5.0%, and 10.

Application of 10% povidone iodine reduces conjunctival bacterial contamination rate in patients undergoing cataract surgery.

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of 10% povidone iodine (PVI) drops given before cataract extraction in addition to routine irrigation of the conjunctival sac with 1% PVI.

Methods: This prospective, randomized, single-center study at the Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, includes 263 eyes of 242 patients undergoing cataract surgery. Patients were randomized to receive 3 drops of 10% PVI into the conjunctival sac (study group) or no PVI drops (control group).

A prospective study demonstrating the effect of 5% povidone-iodine application for anterior segment intraocular surgery in Paraguay.

Purpose: To determine the conjunctival bacterial flora in cataract surgery patients and the effect of presurgical irrigation with 5% povidone-iodine solution.

Methods: Three samples from the inferior conjunctival fornix of the eye to be operated were obtained at baseline before washing (T0) with 10 ml 5% povidone-iodine solution, immediately after washing (T1), and upon completion of surgery (T2). Bacteria from the samples were inoculated in blood agar, chocolate agar, and thioglycolate broth.

Prospective study of risk factors for conjunctival bacterial contamination in patients undergoing intraocular surgery.

Purpose: To determine whether a patient's age, gender, local or systemic risk factors affect the rate of preoperative bacterial contamination.

Methods: Consecutive 1,474 patients undergoing intraocular surgery were enrolled in this prospective masked study. Past medical history was noted and examinations were performed.

One-day application of topical moxifloxacin 0.5% to select for fluoroquinolone-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus.

Purpose: To compare selection for fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria between 1-day and 3-day application of topical moxifloxacin 0.5%.

Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.

Prospective randomized comparison of 1-day and 3-day application of topical 0.5% moxifloxacin in eliminating preoperative conjunctival bacteria.

Purpose: Compare the efficacy of a 1-day versus 3-day application of topical 0.5% moxifloxacin in reducing preoperative conjunctival bacteria.

Methods: Following IRB approval, patients (n = 144) scheduled for ocular surgery between 2004 and 2005 were recruited and randomized to receive topical 0.

Bacterial contamination of needle points after intravitreal injection.

Purpose: Evaluation of the magnitude and pattern of bacterial contamination of needle points with conjunctival bacteria during the intravitreal injection. Analysis of the efficacy of preinjection prophylaxis.

Methods: A total of 550 intravitreal injections were done in 414 patients (n=425 eyes).

A prospective study determining the efficacy of topical 0.5% levofloxacin on bacterial flora of patients with chronic blepharoconjunctivitis.

Background: To determine the efficacy of conjunctival bacterial eradication following a 1-day, 3-day and 7-day application of topical 0.5% levofloxacin, with and without eyelid scrub, in patients with chronic blepharoconjunctivitis (CBC).

Methods: Patients with CBC (n = 60) were prospectively randomized to three groups (n = 20 in each group): no antibiotic treatment, topical levofloxacin four times per day in both eyes, and eyelid scrub in addition to topical levovofloxacin four times a day in both eyes.

Intravitreal voriconazole: in vitro safety-profile for fungal endophthalmitis.

Introduction: Fungal endophthalmitis is a rare but sight-threatening disease. Despite an expanding range of fungal pathogens, there are only few therapeutic agents for its treatment available. Voriconazole is a second-generation synthetic triazole with a broad action against yeasts and molds.

Comparison of one-day versus one-hour application of topical gatifloxacin in eliminating conjunctival bacterial flora.

Purpose: To compare efficacies of 1-day, 1-hour, and combined 1-day/1-hour preoperative topical gatifloxacin in eliminating conjunctival bacterial flora.

Design: Prospective, comparative case series.

Participants: Sixty patients (120 eyes) scheduled to undergo anterior segment intraocular surgery at Stanford University Medical Center.

Prospective comparison of topical moxifloxacin in eliminating conjunctival bacterial flora following a one-day or one-hour application.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of a 1-hour(h) versus 1-day application of topical moxifloxacin in eliminating conjunctival bacterial flora.

Methods: In this prospective, nonrandomized, controlled trial, the surgical eyes of 60 patients scheduled for intraocular surgery received topical moxifloxacin four times a day, starting 1 day prior to surgery and three additional applications at 5-minute intervals 1 h before surgery. The nonsurgical eye of each patient only received three applications of the same antibiotic at 5-minute intervals 1 h before surgery.