Antimicrobial Activities of Polysaccharide-Rich Extracts from the Irish Seaweed , Generated Using Green and Conventional Extraction Technologies, Against Foodborne Pathogens.

A rise in antimicrobial resistance coupled with consumer preferences towards natural preservatives has resulted in increased research towards investigating antimicrobial compounds from natural sources such as macroalgae (seaweeds), which contain antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer compounds. This study investigates the antimicrobial activity of compounds produced by the Irish seaweed against and , bacterial species which are relevant for food safety. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), ultrasound-microwave-assisted extraction (UMAE), and conventional extraction technologies (maceration) were applied to generate extracts from , followed by their preliminary chemical composition (total phenolic content, total protein content, total soluble sugars) and antimicrobial activity (with minimum inhibitory concentration determined by broth microdilution methods), examining also the molecular weight distribution (via high performance size exclusion chromatography) and oligosaccharide fraction composition (via high-performance liquid chromatography) of the polysaccharides, as they were the predominant compounds in these extracts, aiming to elucidate structure-function relationships.

Evaluation of carrageenans extracted by an eco-friendly technology as source for gelled matrices with potential food application.

Red macroalgae are considered an immense source of hydrocolloids (agar and carrageenan) that are gaining momentum in the food industry as an alternative to animal-based ones, like gelatin. This work evaluates carrageenans extracted from four different red macroalgae (Chondrus crispus, Mastocarpus stellatus, Sarcopeltis skottsbergii and Gigartina pistillata) by an eco-friendly process (hydrothermal extraction), for their possible employment as food additives considering purity requirements stated by the European Regulation. In general, carrageenans presented a suitable composition, although some sample presented lower sulfate content than 15 % and higher As content than 3 mg/kg, being only carrageenans from Chondrus crispus and Sarcopeltis skottsbergii appropriate for gelled matrices formulation.

Hydrothermal extraction of ulvans from Ulva spp. in a biorefinery approach.

A simple cascade process based on the hydrothermal fractionation of Ulva spp. biomass was proposed. Considering the overall extraction yields (50 %), ulvan recovery (23 %), and ulvan composition, structural, mechanical and cytotoxic properties, the selected optimal final heating temperature was 160 °C.

Hydrothermal processing of Sarcopeltis skottsbergii and study of the potential of its carrageenan for tissue engineering.

The red macroalga Sarcopeltis skottsbergii was subjected to hydrothermal processing to maximize the solubilization and recovery of carrageenan. Once isolated by ethanol precipitation, the carrageenan was further chemically (oligosaccharides composition), and structurally (TGA/DTG, DSC, HPSEC, FTIR-ATR, H NMR, SEM, etc.) characterized, as well as employed as source for the synthesis of hydrogels.

Biocosmetics Made with Fractions from Sustainable Treatment: Physicochemical and Thermorheological Features.

This work deals with the formulation of natural cosmetics enriched with antioxidant fractions from the ultrasound treatment (US) of the brown seaweed . The challenge was the development of a cosmetic matrix without jeopardizing the thermorheological features of the creams, adding microparticles containing the antioxidant fractions using two different carriers, mannitol and alginate. The fundamental chemical characteristics of seaweed and the extracts obtained sonication, as well as the antioxidant properties of the latter, were analyzed.

Green Extraction of Antioxidant Fractions from Varieties and Microparticle Production Spray-Drying.

The formulation of polymeric microparticles to encapsulate bioactive compounds from two hop varieties (Nugget and Perle) using sequential green extraction processes was performed. The technologies used were ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and pressurized hot water (PHW) extraction. Liquid phases were analyzed for total phenolic content (~2%), antioxidant activity (IC: 3.

Anti-inflammatory potential of ulvan.

Green seaweeds are a widespread group of marine macroalgae that could be regarded as biorenewable source of valuable compounds, in particular sulfated polysaccharides like ulvans with interesting biological properties. Among them, anti-inflammatory activity represents an interesting target, since ulvans could potentially avoid side effects of conventional therapies. However, a great variability in ulvan content, composition, structure and properties occurs depending on seaweed specie and growth and processing conditions.

Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Processing of .

One possible scheme of biomass valorization based on a green, rapid and efficient fractionation technique was proposed. Microwave-assisted pressurized hot water extraction was the technology selected as the initial stage for the solubilization of different seaweed components. Operation at 180 °C for 10 min with a 30 liquid-to-solid ratio solubilized more than 40% of the initial material.

Formulation of Polymeric Microparticles Using Eco-Friendly Extracted Crude Fucoidans from Edible Brown Seaweed .

Several bioactive compounds that hold a potential interest in the food industry as phenolic compounds, polysaccharides, proteins and vitamins, among others, are present in seaweeds. Green extraction technologies are the preferred way to obtain these compounds. Pressurized hot water extraction, from 160 to 220 °C, was tested to achieve high yields of these components from the edible brown seaweed, .

Relevance of the Extraction Stage on the Anti-Inflammatory Action of Fucoidans.

The anti-inflammatory action of fucoidans is well known, based on both in vitro and some in vivo studies. The other biological properties of these compounds, their lack of toxicity, and the possibility of obtaining them from a widely distributed and renewable source, makes them attractive novel bioactives. However, fucoidans' heterogeneity and variability in composition, structure, and properties depending on seaweed species, biotic and abiotic factors and processing conditions, especially during extraction and purification stages, make it difficult for standardization.

The Role of Protein-Rich Extracts from as Biostimulant and in Enhancing Tolerance to Drought Stress in Tomato Plants.

The application of seaweed extract-based biostimulants is a promising approach for achieving sustainable agriculture, with an enormous potential of improving crop yield and mitigating climate change effects. Abiotic stressors, such as drought, are major factors resulting in tomato ( L.) yield losses and seaweed-based biostimulants have been proposed as an eco-friendly strategy to counteract this negative impact.

Fucoidan from : Evaluation of the Impact of the Sulphate Content on Nanoparticle Production and Cell Toxicity.

The composition of seaweeds is complex, with vitamins, phenolic compounds, minerals, and polysaccharides being some of the factions comprising their structure. The main polysaccharide in brown seaweeds is fucoidan, and several biological activities have been associated with its structure. Chitosan is another marine biopolymer that is very popular in the biomedical field, owing to its suitable features for formulating drug delivery systems and, particularly, particulate systems.

Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Carrageenan from .

The development of greener processes for the sustainable utilization of raw materials is increasingly demanded for environmental and economic reasons. A rapid and chemical-free technique was proposed for the extraction of hybrid kappa/iota (6/4) carrageenan from () . After separation, carrageenans were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance, high-performance size-exclusion chromatography, and rheology.

In Vitro Study of the Therapeutic Potential of Brown Crude Fucoidans in Osteoarthritis Treatment.

Osteoarthritis, one of the most common joint degenerative pathologies, still has no cure, and current treatments, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, can cause serious adverse effects when taken for a long time. Brown seaweed crude fucoidans are used for the clinical treatment of several pathologies. In this study, the therapeutical potential of these biocompounds was analyzed in primary chondrocytes and the 260TT human chondrocyte cell line.

Physicochemical Evaluation of Personal Care Products Developed with Fractions Processed by Ecofriendly Methodologies.

Novel personal care products are necessary to cope with the growing market demand for sustainable green products. In this context, this work deals with the formulation and fundamental physicochemical and rheological characterization of different natural personal care products using bioactive fractions from Chondrus crispus red macroalgae extracted under optimized green conditions. Body milks, body oils and shampoos were supplemented with soluble extracts with antioxidant features recovered after hydrothermal (200 °C) and microwave (170 °C)- and ultrasound (80 °C)-assisted extraction of the red macroalgae used as raw material.

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of High-Value Fractions from Fruit Industrial Processing Waste.

This work deals with the valorization of fruit industrial processing waste pretreated with two dehydration methods, air oven and lyophilization. Ultrasound-assisted extraction using a sonication probe was selected to recover the high-value fractions. A battery of experiments following a Box−Behnken design was planned to evaluate the effect of the ultrasound amplitude, extraction duration, and temperature on the yield, protein content, phenolic content, and antiradical capacity of the soluble extracts.

Intensification and biorefinery approaches for the valorization of kitchen wastes - A review.

Kitchen wastes (KW) are post-consumption residues from household and food service sector, heterogenous in composition and highly variable depending on the particular origin, which are often treated as municipal. There is a need to improve the management of these continuously produced and worldwidely available resources and their valorization into novel and commercially interesting products will aid in the development of bioeconomy. The successful implementation of such approach requires cooperation between academia, industrial stakeholders, public and private institutions, based on the different dimensions, including social, economic, ecologic and technological involved.

Efficient extraction of carrageenans from Chondrus crispus for the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles and formulation of printable hydrogels.

The integral utilization of sustainable resources with versatile, efficient and cleaner processes is encouraged. Hydrothermal treatment with subcritical water is a chemical free, tunable and rapid technology providing enhanced yield compared to conventional extraction and was explored for the benign by design extraction and depolymerization of carrageenan from Chondrus crispus. Up to 90% of the seaweed was solubilized operating under nonisothermal regime during heating up to 200 °C and 75.

Green Extraction of Carrageenans from .

The recovery of biopolymers from natural resources using eco-friendly extraction technologies that enhance their mechanical properties has gained attention in recent years. In this context, this work deals with the isolation of hybrid carrageenans from red seaweed using subcritical water extraction operating in a wide range of thermal conditions (70-190 °C). The extracted biopolymers were analyzed by means of either Fourier-Transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, rheological or cell viability assays.

Antifibrotic effect of brown algae-derived fucoidans on osteoarthritic fibroblast-like synoviocytes.

Synovial fibrosis is a pathological process which contributes to joint pain and stiffness in several musculoskeletal disorders. Fucoidans, sulfated polysaccharides found in brown algae, have recently emerged as promising therapeutic agents. Despite the increasing amount of evidence suggesting the protective role of fucoidans in different experimental approaches of human fibrotic disorders, the effect of these sulfated polysaccharides on synovial fibrosis has not been investigated yet.

Pressurized Solvent Extraction of Bark Phenolics.

bark is mostly utilized jointly with wood, but the possibility of a separate valorization through the pressurized extraction of bark bioactives has been assessed. Subcritical water extraction and supercritical CO extraction are green technologies allowing shorter times than conventional solvent extraction under atmospheric shaken conditions. Subcritical water extraction was carried out at temperatures ranging from 140 to 240 °C and supercritical CO extraction was performed at different pressures (10, 20 and 30 MPa), temperatures (35, 45 and 55 °C) and ethanol concentrations (0, 10 and 15% (/)).

Pressurized Hot Water Extraction and Bio-Hydrogels Formulation with [Mol.] Stuntz Leaves.

is a plant rich in phenolics and other bioactive compounds. Their leaves are discarded as waste in the maqui berry industry. A new application of these wastes is intended by the recovery of bioactive compounds using pressurized hot water extraction with conventional or microwave heating.

Applying Seaweed Compounds in Cosmetics, Cosmeceuticals and Nutricosmetics.

The interest in seaweeds for cosmetic, cosmeceutics, and nutricosmetics is increasing based on the demand for natural ingredients. Seaweeds offer advantages in relation to their renewable character, wide distribution, and the richness and versatility of their valuable bioactive compounds, which can be used as ingredients, as additives, and as active agents in the formulation of skin care products. Bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, proteins, peptides, amino acids, lipids, vitamins, and minerals, are responsible for the biological properties associated with seaweeds.

Hydrothermal systems to obtain high value-added compounds from macroalgae for bioeconomy and biorefineries.

The search of sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives to obtain compounds for different industrial sectors has grown exponentially. Following the principles of biorefinery and circular bioeconomy, processes in which the use of natural resources such as macroalgae biomass is prioritized are required. This review focuses on a description of the relevance, application and engineering platforms of hydrothermal systems and the operational conditions depending on the target as an innovative technology and bio-based solution for macroalgae fractionation in order to recover profitable products for industries and investors.