Predictors of 25-hydroxyvitamin D status among individuals with metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The risk of metabolic syndrome can be influenced by inadequate vitamin D levels, and exposure to sunlight is the main external source of vitamin D. The present study assessed the influence of environmental, biological, and nutritional factors in relation to seasonal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentration in individuals with metabolic syndrome.

Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 180 individuals with metabolic syndrome aged between 18 and 80 years.

Inadequacies in the habitual nutrient intakes of patients with metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Dietary factors are important environmental factors associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS). The objective of this study was to assess the habitual nutrient intakes of patients with MS.

Methods: A cross-sectional study included 103 patients (82 % women) with MS seen at the endocrinology outpatient clinic of Hospital Universitario Onofre Lopes.