Curative treatment for oligometastatic gastroesophageal cancer- results of a prospective multicenter study.

Purpose: Oligometastatic gastroesophageal cancer is a clinical entity with no standard treatment recommendation. Treatment with curative intent has recently emerged as an option for selected patients in contrast to the traditional palliative treatment strategy. This prospective study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of combined systemic and local treatment with curative intent for patients with oligometastatic gastroesophageal cancer.

Biofilm colonization and succession in a full-scale partial nitritation-anammox moving bed biofilm reactor.

Background: Partial nitritation-anammox (PNA) is a biological nitrogen removal process commonly used in wastewater treatment plants for the treatment of warm and nitrogen-rich sludge liquor from anaerobic digestion, often referred to as sidestream wastewater. In these systems, biofilms are frequently used to retain biomass with aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and anammox bacteria, which together convert ammonium to nitrogen gas. Little is known about how these biofilm communities develop, and whether knowledge about the assembly of biofilms in natural communities can be applied to PNA biofilms.

Resistance of aerobic granular sludge microbiomes to periodic loss of biomass.

Granular sludge is a biofilm process used for wastewater treatment which is currently being implemented worldwide. It is important to understand how disturbances affect the microbial community and performance of reactors. Here, two acetate-fed replicate reactors were inoculated with acclimatized sludge and the reactor performance, and the granular sludge microbial community succession were studied for 149 days.

Lipoprotein(a) induces caspase-1 activation and IL-1 signaling in human macrophages.

Introduction: Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is an LDL-like particle with an additional apolipoprotein (apo)(a) covalently attached. Elevated levels of circulating Lp(a) are a risk factor for atherosclerosis. A proinflammatory role for Lp(a) has been proposed, but its molecular details are incompletely defined.

Surface microdialysis measures local tissue metabolism after Ivor Lewis esophagectomy; an attempt to predict anastomotic defect.

Anastomotic defect (AD) after esophagectomy can lead to severe complications with need for surgical or endoscopic intervention. Early detection enables early treatment and can limit the consequences of the AD. As of today, there are limited methods to predict AD.

DDA-imaging with structural identification of lipid molecules on an Orbitrap Velos Pro mass spectrometer.

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) is a useful technique for visualizing the spatial distribution of lipid molecules in tissues. Nevertheless, the use of MSI to investigate local lipid metabolic hallmarks has until recently been hampered by a lack of adequate technology that supports confident lipid identification. This limitation was recently mitigated by the development of DDA-imaging technology where high-resolution MSI is combined with parallel acquisition of lipid tandem MS spectra on a hybrid ion trap-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer featuring a resolving power of 240,000 and a scan time of 1 s.

Disturbance-based management of ecosystem services and disservices in partial nitritation-anammox biofilms.

The resistance and resilience provided by functional redundancy, a common feature of microbial communities, is not always advantageous. An example is nitrite oxidation in partial nitritation-anammox (PNA) reactors designed for nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment, where suppression of nitrite oxidizers like Nitrospira is sought. In these ecosystems, biofilms provide microhabitats with oxygen gradients, allowing the coexistence of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.

Reaching people receiving opioid agonist therapy at community pharmacies with hepatitis C virus: an international randomised controlled trial.

Background: Conventional healthcare models struggle to engage those at risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. This international study evaluated point-of-care (PoC) HCV RNA diagnostic outreach and direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment for individuals receiving opioid agonist therapy (OAT) in community pharmacies.

Aims: We assessed the effectiveness of a roving nurse-led pathway offering PoC HCV RNA testing to OAT clients in community pharmacies relative to conventional care.

Metagenomic evidence of a novel family of anammox bacteria in a subsea environment.

Bacteria in the order 'Candidatus Brocadiales' within the phylum Planctomycetes (Planctomycetota) have the remarkable ability to perform anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). Two families of anammox bacteria with different biogeographical distributions have been reported, marine Ca. Scalinduaceae and freshwater Ca.

Molecular species selectivity of lipid transport creates a mitochondrial sink for di-unsaturated phospholipids.

Mitochondria depend on the import of phospholipid precursors for the biosynthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and cardiolipin, yet the mechanism of their transport remains elusive. A dynamic lipidomics approach revealed that mitochondria preferentially import di-unsaturated phosphatidylserine (PS) for subsequent conversion to PE by the mitochondrial PS decarboxylase Psd1p. Several protein complexes tethering mitochondria to the endomembrane system have been implicated in lipid transport in yeast, including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondrial encounter structure (ERMES), ER-membrane complex (EMC), and the vacuole and mitochondria patch (vCLAMP).

Adipose MDM2 regulates systemic insulin sensitivity.

The intimate association between obesity and type II diabetes urges for a deeper understanding of adipocyte function. We and others have previously delineated a role for the tumor suppressor p53 in adipocyte biology. Here, we show that mice haploinsufficient for MDM2, a key regulator of p53, in their adipose stores suffer from overt obesity, glucose intolerance, and hepatic steatosis.

Third time recurrent Boerhaave's syndrome: a case report.

Background: Effort rupture of the esophagus or Boerhaave's syndrome is a rare entity, and prognosis is largely dependent on early diagnosis and treatment. Recurrent effort ruptures are very rare, only reported in a few case reports in English literature. We present a case with a third time effort rupture, and to the best of our knowledge there are no such previous publications.

Lipid molecular timeline profiling reveals diurnal crosstalk between the liver and circulation.

Diurnal regulation of whole-body lipid metabolism plays a vital role in metabolic health. Although changes in lipid levels across the diurnal cycle have been investigated, the system-wide molecular responses to both short-acting fasting-feeding transitions and longer-timescale circadian rhythms have not been explored in parallel. Here, we perform time-series multi-omics analyses of liver and plasma revealing that the majority of molecular oscillations are entrained by adaptations to fasting, food intake, and the postprandial state.

Correction to: Hill-based dissimilarity indices and null models for analysis of microbial community assembly.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Updated cost-effectiveness analysis of palivizumab (Synagis) for the prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus in infant populations in the UK.

Aims: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of respiratory infection in infants and severe infection can result in hospitalization. The passive immunization, palivizumab, is used as prophylaxis against RSV, however, use in the UK is restricted to populations at high risk of hospitalization. This study assesses the cost-effectiveness (CE) of palivizumab in premature infants with and without risk factors for hospitalization (congenital heart disease [CHD], bronchopulmonary dysplasia [BPD]).

Hill-based dissimilarity indices and null models for analysis of microbial community assembly.

Background: High-throughput amplicon sequencing of marker genes, such as the 16S rRNA gene in Bacteria and Archaea, provides a wealth of information about the composition of microbial communities. To quantify differences between samples and draw conclusions about factors affecting community assembly, dissimilarity indices are typically used. However, results are subject to several biases, and data interpretation can be challenging.

Phosphoproteomic Analysis across the Yeast Life Cycle Reveals Control of Fatty Acyl Chain Length by Phosphorylation of the Fatty Acid Synthase Complex.

The ability to remodel lipid metabolism under changing conditions is pivotal for cellular functionality and homeostasis. Here, we characterize the regulatory landscape of phosphorylation-based signaling events across the life cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and determine its impact on the regulation of lipid metabolism. Our data show that 50 lipid metabolic proteins are differentially phosphorylated as cells transit between different physiological states.

Early diagnosis is associated with improved clinical outcomes in benign esophageal perforation: an individual patient data meta-analysis.

Background: Time of diagnosis (TOD) of benign esophageal perforation is regarded as an important risk factor for clinical outcome, although convincing evidence is lacking. The aim of this study is to assess whether time between onset of perforation and diagnosis is associated with clinical outcome in patients with iatrogenic esophageal perforation (IEP) and Boerhaave's syndrome (BS).

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane library through June 2018 to identify studies.

LipidCreator workbench to probe the lipidomic landscape.

Mass spectrometry (MS)-based targeted lipidomics enables the robust quantification of selected lipids under various biological conditions but comprehensive software tools to support such analyses are lacking. Here we present LipidCreator, a software that fully supports targeted lipidomics assay development. LipidCreator offers a comprehensive framework to compute MS/MS fragment masses for over 60 lipid classes.

Hypothesis: Chemical activity regulates and coordinates the processes maintaining glycerophospholipid homeostasis in mammalian cells.

Mammalian cells maintain the complex glycerophospholipid (GPL) class compositions of their various membranes within close limits because this is essential to their well-being or viability. Surprisingly, however, it is still not understood how those compositions are maintained except that GPL synthesis and degradation are closely coordinated. Here, we hypothesize that abrupt changes in the chemical activity of the individual GPL classes coordinate synthesis and degradation as well other the homeostatic processes.

Long-term stability of partial nitritation-anammox for treatment of municipal wastewater in a moving bed biofilm reactor pilot system.

Nitrogen removal from the mainstream of municipal wastewater with partial nitritation-anammox (PNA) would be highly beneficial with regard to the uses of energy and organic carbon. However, the challenges of process instability, low nitrogen removal rates (NRR) and unwanted aerobic nitrite oxidation need to be solved to reach large-scale implementation. Here, we have operated pilot-scale moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) for mainstream treatment, together with sidestream treatment of sludge liquor from anaerobic digestors, for over 900 days to investigate process stability, reactor performance and microbial community structure at realistic conditions.

Palliative short-course hypofractionated radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy in esophageal adenocarcinoma: the phase II PALAESTRA trial.

The majority of patients with incurable esophageal adenocarcinoma suffer from dysphagia. We assessed a novel treatment strategy with initial short-course radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy with the primary aim to achieve long-term relief of dysphagia. This phase II trial included treatment-naîve patients with dysphagia due to esophageal adenocarcinoma not eligible for curative treatment.

Response to starvation and microbial community composition in microbial fuel cells enriched on different electron donors.

In microbial fuel cells (MFCs), microorganisms generate electrical current by oxidizing organic compounds. MFCs operated with different electron donors harbour different microbial communities, and it is unknown how that affects their response to starvation. We analysed the microbial communities in acetate- and glucose-fed MFCs and compared their responses to 10 days starvation periods.

Combined Deterministic and Stochastic Processes Control Microbial Succession in Replicate Granular Biofilm Reactors.

Granular sludge is an efficient and compact biofilm process for wastewater treatment. However, the ecological factors involved in microbial community assembly during the granular biofilm formation are poorly understood, and little is known about the reproducibility of the process. Here, three replicate bioreactors were used to investigate microbial succession during the formation of granular biofilms.