Amplification of very low output voltages of PV panels using a Duffing oscillator.

We are interested in the amplification of very low voltages produced by solar cells during sunset or weak sunshine. The study uses a device consisting of a Duffing oscillator, which amplifies and automatically regulates a low-voltage input, an inverter that reverses the negative voltage of one of the outputs of the oscillator, and a summing device to add the voltages of the two oscillator outputs. Experimental and theoretical investigations are conducted, and it is observed from the results that the output voltage can reach to 7.