Changes of saccadic eye movements in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.

Purpose: To establish whether or not the dynamics of saccadic eye movements are significantly changed in patients with different stages of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) and, subsequently, if analysis of saccades could serve as an additional diagnostic tool for early detection of inflammatory activity in TAO.

Methods: Thirty-seven patients with TAO and 10 age- and gender-matched control subjects were investigated. The patients were divided into four groups according to the stage of the disease: (i) early mild disease (n = 10), (ii) early severe disease (n = 11), (iii) long-standing restrictive disease (n = 10) and (iv) proven auto-immune hyperthyroidism without any signs of TAO (n = 6).

Drift in ocular torsion during sustained head tilt.

Purpose: A head tilt towards the shoulder (roll) induces an ocular counter-roll (OCR), i.e. torsion in the opposite direction to the head.

Drift in ocular counterrolling during static head tilt.

A decreasing drift of the counter-rolled eye position (OCR) during head tilt was recently described. The underlying mechanism is not known. OCR in eleven healthy subjects was recorded (Search coil, Skalar) during a head tilt paradigm in two test conditions.

Wave-front analysis as screening technique for amblyogenic ametropia with and without cycloplegia.

Introduction: For many years, attempts have been made to find an easy, efficient and inexpensive method to screen children for amblyogenic ametropia. Wave-front analysis is a new way to determine the refractive state of the eye from a distance. This technique could be a useful tool for infant screening.

Torsional and vertical eye movements during head tilt dynamic characteristics.

Purpose: As the first response to a Bielschowsky head tilt test (BHTT), a fast transient torsional eye movement in the same direction as the head tilt has been shown with the three-dimensional (3D)-video oculography (3D-VOG) technique, and this movement is paralleled by a transient vertical vergence shift inducing a physiological skew deviation. The purpose of the present study was to investigate these dynamic eye movements further in response to a BHTT paradigm with the magnetic search coil technique.

Methods: Ten healthy subjects performed a BHTT (15 degrees, 30 degrees, and 45 degrees) toward each shoulder while (search coil) the monocular eye and head positions were recorded.

Conjugacy of torsional eye movements in response to a head tilt paradigm.

Purpose: Vertically skewed eye movements are induced by head tilt toward the shoulder (roll). Because vertical and torsional eye movements are tightly coupled both mechanically and neuronally, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the conjugacy of torsional eye movements during the Bielschowsky head tilt test (BHTT). Furthermore, the purpose was to investigate the influence of different visual and viewing condition on torsional conjugacy.

Assessment of ocular counterroll during head tilt using binocular video oculography.

Purpose: According to recent literature, the presence and the amount of true compensatory ocular counterroll is still debatable. The purpose of the current study was to assess compensatory counterroll in response to lateral head tilt using a new noninvasive recording technique, and, furthermore, to find out whether the amount of counterroll is influenced by the presence or absence of spatial orientation.

Methods: Eye movement recordings were performed using the infrared three-dimensional video oculography (3D-VOG) technique.