Rifampin urinary excretion to predict serum targets in children with tuberculosis: a prospective diagnostic accuracy study.

Objective: Pharmacokinetic variability drives tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes but measurement of serum drug concentrations for personalised dosing is inaccessible for children in TB-endemic settings. We compared rifampin urine excretion for prediction of a serum target associated with treatment outcome.

Design: Prospective diagnostic accuracy study.

Roadblocks and resilience: A qualitative study of the impact of pediatric tuberculosis on Tanzanian households and solutions from caregivers.

Distinct from quantifying the economic sequelae of tuberculosis (TB) in adults, data are scarce regarding lived experiences of youth and their caregivers seeking and sustaining TB treatment in low income communities. Children ages 4-17 diagnosed with TB and their caregivers were recruited from rural and semi-urban northern Tanzania. Using a grounded theory approach, a qualitative interview guide was developed, informed by exploratory research.

Making the APPropriate choice: Utilization of a smartphone application to optimize antimicrobial decisions among internal medicine trainees.

Utilization of a smart phone application paired with a time-spaced learning curriculum was investigated to determine its impact on antimicrobial stewardship practice among internal medicine trainees. Stewardship behaviors increased, barriers decreased, and trainees had increased confidence in managing common infectious disease syndromes after the intervention.

Clofazimine for treatment of multidrug-resistant non-tuberculous mycobacteria.

Background: /QUESTION: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections are increasingly detected but difficult to cure given complex drug-resistance patterns. Select U.S.

A Geospatial Bibliometric Review of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in the Russian Federation.

Increasing rates of HIV/AIDS in Eastern Europe and Central Asia contrast global trends, but the scope of HIV/AIDS research originating from Russian Federation and countries of the former Soviet Union has not been quantified. We searched six major scientific databases in Russian and English languages with medical subject heading terms "HIV" or "AIDS" and "Russia" or "Soviet Union" from 1991 to 2016. Each abstract indexed was reviewed and tagged for 25 HIV/AIDS research themes, location of research focus and first author.

Sensitive and specific detection of ligands using engineered riboswitches.

Riboswitches are RNA elements found in non-coding regions of messenger RNAs that regulate gene expression through a ligand-triggered conformational change. Riboswitches typically bind tightly and specifically to their ligands, so they have the potential to serve as highly effective sensors in vitro. In B.