Seasonal morphotypes of differ in key life-history traits during and after a prolonged period of cold exposure.

Seasonal polyphenism in manifests itself in two discrete adult morphotypes, the "winter morph" (WM) and the "summer morph" (SM). These morphotypes are known to differ in thermal stress tolerance, and they co-occur during parts of the year. In this study, we aimed to estimate morph-specific survival and fecundity in laboratory settings simulating field conditions.

Overwintered Are the Main Source for Infestations of the First Fruit Crops of the Season.

The mechanisms allowing the widespread invasive pest to survive from early spring until the availability of the first fruit crops are still unclear. Seasonal biology and population dynamics of were investigated in order to better understand the contribution of the early spring hosts to the infestation of the first fruit crops of the season. We identified hosts available to in early spring and assessed their suitability for the pest oviposition and reproductive success under field and laboratory conditions.