Extensive Metallosis in a Primary Knee Arthroplasty as a Result of Polyethylene Wear: Is It Avoidable?

Metallosis is known to occur in metal-on-metal arthroplasty and has been of concern to orthopaedic surgeons worldwide. It is a rare, late complication of total knee arthroplasty (TKA), in which metal-on-metal contact leads to metal debris deposition in the surrounding tissue. Reasons for metal-on-metal contact could range from wear of the polyethylene insert to abnormal joint biomechanics.

Impact of surgical timing and type of operative procedure on outcomes in periprosthetic hip fractures: an observational study at an NHS trust centre in the UK.

Purpose: There is a global trend of increased periprosthetic fractures due to the growing number of arthroplasty procedures. The present study assessed the impact of factors such as time to surgery and type of surgery on the outcomes, which have been seldom evaluated for periprosthetic fractures.

Methods: An observational study was conducted on consecutive 87 patients within an NHS district hospital trust in the UK.

Use of a Trephine to Extract a Fractured Corail Femoral Stem During Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty: Tips From Our Case Report.

Despite the significant advancements in the field of total hip arthroplasty (THA) and prosthesis designs, fracture of the modular femoral stem after THA can occur rarely and needs attention. Orthopaedic surgeons face a daunting task when it comes to the removal of a broken stem. The use of a trephine reamer has been evaluated for extracting the distal femoral stem, and this case report tries to address some key tips for the same.

Imaging of Cartilage and Chondral Defects: An Overview.

A healthy articular cartilage is paramount to joint function. Cartilage defects, whether acute or chronic, are a significant source of morbidity. This review summarizes various imaging modalities used for cartilage assessment.

Medium term outcome of Lancaster cortical window technique for extraction of femoral stem in revision hip arthroplasty.

Background: The extraction of a femoral stem during the revision hip arthroplasty can be a daunting task and can lead to catastrophic complications for the patient. A sound technique employed intraoperatively helps in the speedy recovery of the patient and reduces the risk of future surgical interventions. In this study, we present a medium-term outcome of our novel Lancaster cortical window technique which can be used for the removal of cemented or uncemented femoral stems.

Short Chain Fatty Acids Modulate the Growth and Virulence of Pathosymbiont and Host Response.

Short chain fatty acids (SCFA), principally acetate, propionate, and butyrate, are produced by fermentation of dietary fibers by the gut microbiota. SCFA regulate the growth and virulence of enteric pathogens, such as enterohemorrhagic (EHEC), and . We sought to investigate the impact of SCFA on growth and virulence of pathosymbiont associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC), and their role in regulating host responses to bacterial infection in vitro.

Early catastrophic failure of a PINNACLE MARATHON® polyethylene acetabular liner: a report of a malpositioned PINNACLE DUOFIX HA® acetabular shell resulting in point loading and accelerated wear.

Background: Highly cross-linked polyethylene in total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been shown to decrease wear rate compared with a conventional polyethylene liner. However, it has also been reported that the manufacturing processes can cause early failure of the implant.

Case: We describe early catastrophic failure at <4 years following primary THA surgery of a PINNACLE MARATHON® polyethylene acetabular liner resulting from a malaligned PINNACLE DUOFIX HA® acetabular shell with resultant point loading.

Inflammation-associated adherent-invasive Escherichia coli are enriched in pathways for use of propanediol and iron and M-cell translocation.

Background: Perturbations of the intestinal microbiome, termed dysbiosis, are linked to intestinal inflammation. Isolation of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) from intestines of patients with Crohn's disease (CD), dogs with granulomatous colitis, and mice with acute ileitis suggests these bacteria share pathoadaptive virulence factors that promote inflammation.

Methods: To identify genes associated with AIEC, we sequenced the genomes of phylogenetically diverse AIEC strains isolated from people with CD (4), dogs with granulomatous colitis (2), and mice with ileitis (2) and 1 non-AIEC strain from CD ileum and compared them with 38 genome sequences of E.

Presence of viral and bacterial organisms in milk and their association with somatic cell counts.

About 20 to 35% of milk samples from cows with intramammary infection or high somatic cell count (SCC) are negative on bacteriological culture analysis. However, little is known about SCC in milk of cows infected with viruses. In the first part of our study, we developed a real-time PCR assay for detection of bovine herpesvirus (BHV) 1, BHV2, and BHV4, and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in composite quarter milk samples.