Teaching case 1-2020 - ADDENDUM: Adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia due to a novel CSF1R mutation - An unusual cause of dementia.

Not available.

Adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia - An unusual cause of dementia.

No abstract available.

Rapid down modulation of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1, CD162) by G-CSF in humans.

Background: In vitro and animal studies suggest a critical role for P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) in the regulation of WBC adhesion and neutrophil counts. As WBC activation decreases PSGL-1 expression on WBCs in vitro, the effects of G-CSF on PSGL-1 expression were examined.

Study Design And Methods: Two different G-CSF doses (1 and 5 microg/kg IV) were compared with high-dose dexamethasone (1 mg/kg twice daily) and placebo in a randomized, double-blind, four-way cross-over trial in eight healthy volunteers.

Impaired platelet function among platelet donors.

Background: Platelet transfusions are effective for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients with disorders of platelet number and/or function. In recent years plateletpheresis concentrates have outnumbered pooled platelet concentrates, albeit with significant differences between nations. Thus, the platelet quality of individual donors has become increasingly important.

Comparison of the effects of ketamine and memantine on prolactin and cortisol release in men. a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA)-antagonists decrease neurotoxicity by inhibiting Ca2+ influx which is of interest for the treatment of acute cerebrovascular insults and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. Currently, there is no surrogate marker for quantification of NMDA-receptor-mediated drug effects, which hampers dose-finding clinical studies. As prolactin and cortisol liberation is in part influenced through NMDA-receptors we investigated whether the elevation of prolactin or cortisol plasma levels is a class effect of NMDA-antagonists and might be an appropriate marker for studying NMDA-antagonistic potency.

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) downregulates its receptor (CD114) on neutrophils and induces gelatinase B release in humans.

Despite the increasing use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) for the mobilization of stem cells and neutrophils, its pharmacodynamic actions are not fully understood. Because of the roles of G-CSF and gelatinase B in leucokinetics, we set out to characterize the interaction of G-CSF with its receptor in humans and its effects on gelatinase B release. G-CSF was infused at bolus doses of 1 microg/kg and 5 microg/kg, and compared to placebo and dexamethasone (1 mg/kg b.

Paroxetine decreases platelet serotonin storage and platelet function in human beings.

Background: Serotonin is a platelet agonist and potent vasoconstrictor that has recently received attention concerning its potential role in acute coronary artery thrombosis. Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors, such as paroxetine, are widely used antidepressant agents. We sought to characterize the potential inhibitory effect of paroxetine on platelet function.

Effects of hyperinsulinemia on plasma levels of circulating adhesion molecules.

Plasma levels of circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (cICAM-1), a potential cardiovascular risk factor, are increased in diabetics. Among other factors, hyperinsulinemia has been proposed to enhance its release into the circulation. Thus, we directly examined the effects of insulin infusion on plasma levels of circulating adhesion molecules, and two other endothelial markers, i.

Effects of erythropoietin on platelet reactivity and thrombopoiesis in humans.

A recent study in dogs suggested that erythropoietin (EPO) not only promotes the synthesis of increased numbers of reticulated platelets but that these newly produced platelets are hyperreactive compared with controls. Because of the increasing use of EPO in the perioperative setting, we characterized the effects of EPO on platelet reactivity in healthy human volunteers. In a randomized, controlled trial, we studied the effects of EPO on platelet reactivity, thrombopoiesis, and endothelial activation in circumstances similar to those of autologous blood donation.

Monitoring of aspirin (ASA) pharmacodynamics with the platelet function analyzer PFA-100.

Background: Anti-platelet drug therapy is currently performed without monitoring, because the established method of platelet aggregometry is cumbersome. The recently developed platelet function analyzer PFA-100 measures shear stress dependent, collagen epinephrine (CEPI) and collagen adenosine diphosphate (CADP) induced platelet plug formation. As the PFA-100 provides a valuable tool to detect patients with platelet dysfunction more efficiently and cost-effectively than aggregometry, we investigated its potential to monitor the efficacy of aspirin treatment.

Circadian variation of granulocyte colony stimulating factor levels in man.

Glucocorticoids dose-dependently increase plasma levels of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). Based on the marked circadian rhythm of cortisol levels, we hypothesized that plasma levels of G-CSF may also show a diurnal rhythm. A prospective study was conducted in 12 healthy young volunteers.

Safety issues of plateletpheresis: comparison of the effects of two cell separators on the activation of coagulation, fibrinolysis, and neutrophils and on the formation of neutrophil-platelet aggregates.

Background: Although many donors undergo repeated plateletpheresis, data on the consequences of plateletpheresis for the donor's health remain scarce. Thus, the effect of plateletpheresis on the activation of coagulation, fibrinolysis, and neutrophils was investigated.

Study Design And Methods: Part 1: Sixteen healthy men were randomly assigned to undergo plateletpheresis on a cell separator (AMICUS, Fenwal Baxter; or MCS 3p, Haemonetics).

Effects of sodium nitroprusside on hemodialysis-induced platelet activation.

Background: Hemodialysis (HD) is associated with increased platelet activation as reflected by enhanced P-selectin expression on platelets and by increased formation of heterotypic platelet-leukocyte aggregates. Both may play a pathophysiologic role in HD-associated platelet dysfunction or the propagation of atherosclerosis. As nitric oxide (NO) is a potent inhibitor of platelet activation, we were interested in whether HD-induced platelet activation could be blunted by a NO donor.

Differential induction of P-selectin expression on platelets by two cell separators during plateletpheresis and the effect of gender on the release of soluble P-selectin.

Background: Though a number of studies have elegantly characterized platelet activation during storage, less attention has been paid to the initial activation caused by different collection procedures.

Study Design And Methods: The effects of two blood cell separators on the initial activation of platelets were measured by flow cytometric analysis of P-selectin expression in 13 male donors on one cell separator (CS 3000 Plus) and 11 men and 9 women on the other (MCS 3P). In addition, the storage and release of soluble P-selectin (circulating P-selectin [cP-selectin]) by platelets were quantified, to determine whether the change in cP-selectin is a more sensitive marker for initial platelet activation, and the influence of gender on measured endpoints was evaluated.