Relationships between changes in weight and changes in cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged French subjects: effect of dieting.

Objective: To investigate relationships between changes in weight and changes in cardiovascular risk factors in adults, taking intentionality of weight loss into account.

Design: Longitudinal study in middle-aged French subjects from the SU.VI.

The use of computerised 24 h dietary recalls in the French SU.VI.MAX Study: number of recalls required.

Objective: The 24 h dietary recall is a widely used method to estimate nutritional intakes in epidemiological studies. The objective of the present study was to estimate the number of recalls necessary for an accurate estimation of nutrient intake in French adults followed for 4 y.

Subjects And Methods: Participants of the SU.

Use of multiple correspondence analysis and cluster analysis to study dietary behaviour: food consumption questionnaire in the SU.VI.MAX. cohort.

Although the effects of individual foods or nutrients on the development of diseases and their risk factors have been investigated in many studies, little attention has been given to the effect of overall dietary patterns. The main objectives of this study were to identify dietary patterns and groups of subjects with similar food consumption habits, i.e.

[Food and cancer: state of the art about the protective effect of fruits and vegetables].

Epidemiological studies performed during the last 20 years support an inverse relationship between the individual intake of fruits and vegetables and the risk of cancer. In taking into account some recent conflicting data, a working group of the Nacre network, the French Network for Food and Cancer Research, has conduced a critical analysis of epidemiological and experimental studies, including the preliminary data from the Epic cohort, the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, to clarify the role of fruits and vegetables to prevent cancer. To date, a high intake of fruits and vegetables (at least, 400 g per day) is appropriate to lower the risk of cancer.

[Ultrasonic assessment of thyroid nodules, and iodine status of French adults participating in the SU.VI.MAX study].

Thyroid nodules were assessed by ultrasound in 3 621 presumably healthy free-living French subjects participating in the SU.VI.MAX cohort (2 160 females aged 35-60 years and 1 461 males aged 45-60 years).

Effect of two years' supplementation with natural antioxidants on vitamin and trace element status biomarkers: preliminary data of the SU.VI.MAX study.

The "SUpplementation en VItamines et Minéraux AntioXidants" (SU.VI.MAX) study is a randomized double-blind, placebo controlled, primary-prevention trial designed to test the efficacy of a daily supplementation with antioxidant vitamins (vitamin C, 120 mg; vitamin E, 30 mg; and beta-carotene, 6 mg) and minerals (selenium, 100 microg; and zinc, 20 mg) at nutritional doses (one to three times the daily recommended dietary allowances), in reducing the frequency of cancers and cardiovascular diseases.

Iron deficiency in Europe.

In Europe, iron deficiency is considered to be one of the main nutritional deficiency disorders affecting large fractions of the population, particularly such physiological groups as children, menstruating women and pregnant women. Some factors such as type of contraception in women, blood donation or minor pathological blood loss (haemorrhoids, gynaecological bleeding..

Interventional studies concerning the role of antioxidant vitamins in cardiovascular diseases: a review.

Cardiovascular diseases continue to constitute a major public health problem in all industrialized countries, where they are the main causes of premature mortality. There is a large body of evidence suggesting that free radical production directly or indirectly plays a major role in cellular processes implicated in atherosclerosis. Here we present mechanistic data and results of epidemiologic studies on the relationship between antioxidant vitamin intake or biochemical status and the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Use of 'light' foods and drinks in French adults: biological, anthropometric and nutritional correlates.

Background: A population of over 12,000 mature subjects participated in a longitudinal study (8 years) of nutrition and health (the Su.Vi.Max Study).

Consumption of soup and nutritional intake in French adults: consequences for nutritional status.

Aim: The impact of soup consumption on nutrient intake and nutritional indicators was assessed in adults who consumed soup compared to those who did not or who were occasional eaters.

Methods: Data were obtained for 2,188 men and 2,849 women living in France and participating in the SU.VI.

5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase common mutations, folate status and plasma homocysteine in healthy French adults of the Supplementation en Vitamines et Mineraux Antioxydants (SU.VI.MAX) cohort.

The 677cytosine mutation identified in the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene has been frequently associated with an elevated plasma homocysteine concentration. The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of this MTHFR common mutation on plasma and erythrocyte folate (RCF) and plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations in healthy French adults. A cohort of 291 subjects living in the Paris area and participating in the Supplementation en Vitamines et Mineraux Antioxydants (SU.

[Vitamin D concentrations in blood and skin phototype in a general adult population in France].

Introduction: A link between bone mineral density and skin color has been reported recently, and pigmentation has been shown to affect cutaneous vitamin D production. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between phototype, global self assessed sun exposure, geographical location and vitamin D serum levels in 1191 French adults.

Methods: Three multiple linear regression analyses were performed.

Contribution of ready-to-eat cereals to nutrition intakes in French adults and relations with corpulence.

Aims: The nutrient impact of ready-to-eat (RTE) cereal consumption was assessed in adults (men 45-60 years; women 35-60 years old) who regularly consumed RTE cereals anytime during the day, compared to those who did not or who were occasional eaters.

Methods: Data were obtained for 2,188 men and 2,851 women living in France and participating in the SU.VI.

Factors determining the use of hormone replacement therapy in recent naturally postmenopausal women participating in the French SU.VI.MAX cohort.

The determinants of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) were studied in a cohort of recently postmenopausal women participating, in France, in a nutritional study (SU.VI.MAX Study).

[Nitrogen dioxide and ozone exposures in a population sample from Ile-de-France].

Background: Individual exposure to NO(2)and O(3) has been estimated in an urban population sample in southern France and the determinants identified. The present study was conducted to evaluated individual exposure to NO(2) and O(3) and to identify the environmental determinants of exposure in a larger population living in different environmental conditions.

Methods: Two hundred ninety-four volunteers were recruited from the SUVIMAX sample in Ile-de-France.

Melanocortin-4 receptor mutations are a frequent and heterogeneous cause of morbid obesity.

By integrating an agonist satiety signal, provided by alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), and an antagonist signal, provided by agouti-related protein (AGRP), the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4-R) is a key element in the hypothalamic control of food intake. Inactivation of the gene encoding this G protein-coupled receptor causes obesity in mice. In humans, frameshift mutations in MC4-R cause an early-onset dominant form of obesity in two families.

[Epidemiology of iron deficiency].

During the last years, a large number of surveys have suggested than some fractions of the French population, as in other industrialized countries, presented dietary iron intake below the recommended dietary allowances. Iron deficiency is widespread in children, menstruating women, and particularly pregnant women. Iron deficiency is enough severe to be responsible of anemia in some groups of population.

Self-administered questionnaire compared with interview to assess past-year physical activity.

Purpose: The Modifiable Activity Questionnaire (MAQ) is a physical activity questionnaire shown to be both valid and reliable and was initially designed to be interviewer-administered. After translation and adaptation into French, the objective of the study was to compare past-year physical activity data obtained by self-administration of this questionnaire and by interviewer-administration.

Methods: 84 subjects (22 men, 62 women, age 36-63 yr) enrolled in an ongoing prospective study in France (the SUpplementation en VItamines et Minéraux AntioXydants or SU.

Relationship between vitamin D status and skin phototype in general adult population.

A link between bone mineral density and skin color has been reported recently, and pigmentation has been shown to affect cutaneous vitamin D production. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between phototype, global self-assessed sun exposure, geographical location and vitamin D serum levels in 1191 French adults. When the factors were analyzed separately, individuals with lower phototypes as well as those with lower sun exposure showed significantly lower levels of vitamin D than those with darker phototypes or those with higher sun exposure.