An in vivo evaluation of four spinal needles used for the combined spinal-epidural technique.

Unlabelled: The purpose of this study was to evaluate four pencil-point spinal needles commonly used for combined spinal-epidural (CSE) anesthesia. Four hundred-seven consecutive parturients undergoing cesarean delivery or labor analgesia received a CSE block with a randomly selected pencil-point spinal needle (Becton-Dickinson [B-D] 27-gauge, 119-mm Whitacre; B-D 27-gauge, 120-mm Durasafe; B-D 25-gauge, 120-mm Durasafe; or International Medical Devices' 26-gauge, 124-mm Gertie Marx). Success in obtaining cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the incidence of transient paresthesias and postdural puncture headache (PDPH) were compared by using chi2 testing; P < 0.

Quantitation of cis versus trans regulation of mouse beta-glucuronidase. Action of alleles of the Gus-r locus determining androgen inducibility.

Genetic studies have shown that the induction of beta-glucuronidase in mouse kidney in response to androgens is under the control of the Gus-r gene, closely linked to the beta-glucuronidase structural gene, Gus-s, on mouse Chromosome 5. Despite the fact that a single structural gene codes for beta-glucuronidase, enzyme molecules show considerable charge heterogeneity, presumably as a result of post-translational events. Because the enzyme is a tetramer, this heterogeneity has complicated examination of the cis versus trans action of the Gus-r gene.