Muscarinic M2 antagonists: anthranilamide derivatives with exceptional selectivity and in vivo activity.

Anthranilamide analogues such as 23 are potent and highly selective muscarinic M2 antagonists that also show good oral bioavailability and in vivo activity.

Improving the oral efficacy of CNS drug candidates: discovery of highly orally efficacious piperidinyl piperidine M2 muscarinic receptor antagonists.

In search of a backup M(2) muscarinic receptor antagonist to the previously reported compound 1, we discovered compound (+)-14, which showed superior oral efficacy in animal models. The improvement of oral efficacy was achieved by modulating both the molecular weight and lipophilicity of the lead compounds.

Enhancement of pharmacokinetic properties and in vivo efficacy of benzylidene ketal M(2) muscarinic receptor antagonists via benzamide modification.

We previously reported the initial discovery of a novel class of stabilized benzylidene ketal M(2) receptor antagonists. This paper discusses new analogues consisting of benzamide modifications which not only improved M(2) receptor affinity and selectivity, but also enhanced the pharmacokinetic properties of the series. These changes led to the discovery of a highly potent and selective M(2) antagonist, which demonstrated in vivo efficacy and had good bioavailability in multiple species.

Substituted 2-(R)-methyl piperazines as muscarinic M(2) selective ligands.

A novel series of 2-(R)-methyl-substituted piperazines (e.g., 2) is described.