Continuous wound infusion combined with intrathecal morphine for analgesia after Cesarean delivery compared with intrathecal morphine or continuous wound infusion alone.

Study Registration: www.

Clinicaltrials: gov (NCT02279628); registered 31 October 2014.

Effects of pupillary reflex dilation-guided opioid administration on remifentanil and morphine consumption during laparoscopic surgery: A randomised controlled trial.

Background: Analysis of pupillary reflex dilation (PRD) assesses the balance of nociception--antinociception. Laparoscopic surgery induces haemodynamic variations that are misleading. During laparoscopy, PRD guidance helps differentiate haemodynamic changes because of excess nociception from secondary changes related to the reflex release of endocrine factors.