A transcription network underlies the dual genomic coordination of mitochondrial biogenesis.

Mitochondrial biogenesis requires the expression of genes encoded by both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. However, aside from a handful transcription factors regulating specific subsets of mitochondrial genes, the overall architecture of the transcriptional control of mitochondrial biogenesis remains to be elucidated. The mechanisms coordinating these two genomes are largely unknown.

Anti-integrin αvβ6 Autoantibodies are Increased in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Patients With Concomitant Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Correlate With Liver Disease Severity.

Background & Aims: Anti-integrin αvβ6 autoantibodies (anti-αvβ6) are found in more than 50% of individuals with ulcerative colitis (UC). We aimed to determine the prevalence of anti-αvβ6 in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and their association with liver disease severity.

Methods: Four cohorts of pre-liver transplant patients with PSC were recruited.

A transcription network underlies the dual genomic coordination of mitochondrial biogenesis.

Mitochondrial biogenesis requires the expression of genes encoded by both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. However, aside from a handful transcriptional factors regulating specific subsets of mitochondrial genes, the overall architecture of the transcriptional control of mitochondrial biogenesis remains to be elucidated. The mechanisms coordinating these two genomes are largely unknown.

TbsP and TrmB jointly regulate gapII to influence cell development phenotypes in the archaeon Haloferax volcanii.

Microbial cells must continually adapt their physiology in the face of changing environmental conditions. Archaea living in extreme conditions, such as saturated salinity, represent important examples of such resilience. The model salt-loving organism Haloferax volcanii exhibits remarkable plasticity in its morphology, biofilm formation, and motility in response to variations in nutrients and cell density.

Persistent underuse of extended venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in patients undergoing major abdominal cancer operations.

Background: Guidelines recommend extended venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis for high-risk populations undergoing major abdominal cancer operations. Few studies have evaluated extended VTE prophylaxis in the Medicare population who are at higher risk due to age.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study using a 20% random sample of Medicare claims, 2012-2017.

Lymph node metastases in young patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor: A nationwide analysis.

Background: Children, adolescents, and young adults (CAYA) (age ≤39 years) with GIST have high rates of LNM, but their clinical relevance is undefined. This study analyzed the impact of LNM on overall survival (OS) for CAYA with GIST.

Methods: The National Cancer Database was queried for patients with resected GIST and pathologic nodal staging data from 2004-2019.

Nonoperative Management Versus Laparoscopic Appendectomy in Children: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.

Introduction: Nonoperative management (NOM) of acute appendicitis in the pediatric population is highly debated with uncertain cost-effectiveness. We performed a decision tree cost-effectiveness analysis of NOM versus early laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) for acute appendicitis in children.

Methods: We created a decision tree model for a simulated cohort of 49,000 patients, the number of uncomplicated appendectomies performed annually, comparing NOM and LA.

Barriers and facilitators to early-stage lung cancer care in the USA: a qualitative study.

Purpose: Improved outcomes in lung cancer treatment are seen in high-volume academic centers, making it important to understand barriers to accessing care at such institutions. Few qualitative studies examine the barriers and facilitators to early-stage lung cancer care at US academic institutions.

Methods: Adult patients with suspected or diagnosed early-stage non-small cell lung cancer presenting to a multidisciplinary lung cancer clinic at a US academic institution over a 6-month period beginning in 2019 were purposively sampled for semi-structured interviews.

A Comparison of Area-Level Socioeconomic Status Indices in Colorectal Cancer Care.

Introduction: There are multiple measures of area socioeconomic status (SES) and there is little evidence on the comparative performance of these measures. We hypothesized adding area SES measures improves model ability to predict guideline concordant care and overall survival compared to models with standard clinical and demographic data alone.

Materials And Methods: We included patients with colorectal cancer from 2006 to 2015 from the North Carolina Cancer Registry merged with insurance claims data.

Temporal Changes in Treatment Patterns for Rural and Urban Patients With Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Our objectives were to evaluate geographic access to lung cancer treatment modalities in North Carolina and to characterize how practice patterns are changing over time. We hypothesized that rural patients would be less likely to undergo treatment compared to urban patients, with widening disparities over time. We identified patients with Stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from 2006 to 2015 using the North Carolina Central Cancer Registry linked with Medicaid, Medicare, and private insurance claims.

Generation of a mitochondrial protein compendium in .

The social ameba has emerged as a powerful model to study mitochondrial genetics and bioenergetics. However, a comprehensive inventory of mitochondrial proteins that is critical to understanding mitochondrial processes has yet to be curated. Here, we utilized high-throughput multiplexed protein quantitation and homology analyses to generate a high-confidence mitochondrial protein compendium consisting of 936 proteins.

Does Angiosarcoma of the Breast Need Nodal Staging?

Background: Breast angiosarcoma is a rare malignancy classically associated with hematogenous metastases. We sought to determine the prevalence of pathologic nodal involvement in patients with nonmetastatic, resected breast angiosarcoma and its association with overall survival.

Study Design: The National Cancer Database was used to identify patients with nonmetastatic angiosarcoma of the breast who underwent surgical resection from 2004 to 2017.

Trends in rural-urban disparities among surgical specialties treating cancer, 2004-2017.

Purpose: We evaluated temporal trends in rural-urban disparities of the surgeon supply among surgeons commonly treating patients with cancer.

Methods: We performed a retrospective observational study of county-level workforce changes from 2004 to 2017 using the Area Health Resource File. We calculated physician density (providers/100,000 population) for each specialty by rural and urban counties using the 2003 Rural-Urban Commuting Codes (RUCC), and evaluated percent changes in the rural-urban disparity in physician density.

Comparative Analysis of Rural-Urban Definitions in Predicting Surgeon Workforce Supply.

Background: There are multiple different systems that define a rural area in health services research, but few studies compare their ability to measure access to health resources. Our objective was to compare various definitions of rurality to determine which system best measures local surgeon supply.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective observational study, we used the 2019 Area Health Resource File to obtain the 2017 county-level supply of general surgeons, surgical subspecialists, and total physicians for all counties in the United States.

Gastrostomy Tube Outcomes Among Surgical and Non-Surgical Services: A Retrospective Review.

Background: Our objective was to evaluate differences in baseline characteristics, complications, and mortality among patients receiving a gastrostomy tube (GT) by surgical or non-surgical services.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of adult patients who underwent GT placement from 2014 to 2017 at a single institution. Using bivariate and multivariable analyses, we compared baseline characteristics, complications, and overall 30-day mortality of patients undergoing GT placement with surgical or non-surgical services.

The Prevalence of Benign Pathology Following Major Pulmonary Resection for Suspected Malignancy.

Background: In the era of lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography, there is concern that high false-positive rates may lead to an increase in nontherapeutic lung resection. The aim of this study is to determine the current rate of major pulmonary resection for ultimately benign pathology.

Materials And Methods: A single-institution, retrospective analysis of all patients > 18 y who underwent major pulmonary resection between 2013 and 2018 for suspected malignancy and had benign final pathology was performed.

Use and disparities in parathyroidectomy for symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism in the Medicare population.

Background: Few studies assess use of parathyroidectomy among older adults with symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism. Our objective was to determine national usage and disparities in parathyroidectomy for symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism among insured older adults.

Methods: We identified older adult patients with symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism using Medicare claims (2006-2017).