Polyphenol Containing Sorghum Brans Exhibit an Anti-Cancer Effect in Apc Min/+ Mice Treated with Dextran Sodium Sulfate.

Colon cancer (CC) is considered a high-risk cancer in developed countries. Its etiology is correlated with a high consumption of red meat and low consumption of plant-based foods, including whole grains. Sorghum bran is rich in polyphenols.

Antimicrobial Activity of Sorghum Phenolic Extract on Bovine Foodborne and Mastitis-Causing Pathogens.

Antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens associated with bovine mastitis and human foodborne illnesses from contaminated food and water have an impact on animal and human health. Phenolic compounds have antimicrobial properties and some specialty sorghum grains are high in phenolic compounds, and the grain extract may have the potential as a natural antimicrobial alternative. The study's objective was to determine antimicrobial effects of sorghum phenolic extract on bacterial pathogens that cause bovine mastitis and human foodborne illnesses.

Sorghum Phenolic Compounds Are Associated with Cell Growth Inhibition through Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Hepatocarcinoma and Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cells.

Phenolic compounds in some specialty sorghums have been associated with cancer prevention. However, direct evidence and the underlying mechanisms for this are mostly unknown. In this study, phenolics were extracted from 13 selected sorghum accessions with black pericarp while F10000 hybrid with white pericarp was used as a control, and cell growth inhibition was studied in hepatocarcinoma HepG2 and colorectal adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells.

Anticancer Activity of a Novel High Phenolic Sorghum Bran in Human Colon Cancer Cells.

Human colon cancer is the third leading cause of mortality in the United States and worldwide. Chemoprevention using diet is widely accepted as a promising approach for cancer management. Numerous population studies indicate a negative correlation between the incidence of colon cancer and consumption of whole grains with a high content of bioactive phenolic compounds.

Advancing provitamin A biofortification in sorghum: Genome-wide association studies of grain carotenoids in global germplasm.

Vitamin A deficiency is one of the most prevalent nutritional deficiencies worldwide. Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench)] is a major cereal crop consumed by millions of people in regions with high vitamin A deficiency.

Evaluation of ethanol-based extraction conditions of sorghum bran bioactive compounds with downstream anti-proliferative properties in human cancer cells.

Certain foods such as turmeric and green tea have been extensively studied for anticancer properties, while high polyphenol sorghum has not received the same attention. Some bioactive compounds in with anticancer activity have been identified, indicating the further need for research and screening methods of high polyphenol sorghum varieties. This study was aimed at improving the extraction of sorghum bioactive compounds by using food-grade solvents using ethanol and citric acid.

High-Polyphenol Sorghum Bran Extract Inhibits Cancer Cell Growth Through ROS Induction, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Apoptosis.

As diet is one of the major controllable factors in cancer development, potentially chemopreventive foods are of significant interest to public health. One such food is sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), a cereal grain that contains varying concentrations of polyphenols. In a panel of 15 sorghum germplasm, we identified strains with higher polyphenol content than previously reported for this grain.

Genetic architecture of kernel composition in global sorghum germplasm.

Background: Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is an important cereal crop for dryland areas in the United States and for small-holder farmers in Africa. Natural variation of sorghum grain composition (protein, fat, and starch) between accessions can be used for crop improvement, but the genetic controls are still unresolved.

The use of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for perinatal support of an infant with d-transposition of the great arteries, intact atrial and ventricular septa, and flow-restricted ductus arteriosus.

Prenatal assessment of a fetus with D-transposition of the great arteries demonstrated an absence of mixing between systemic and pulmonary circulations, and predicted lethal postnatal hypoxemia. A multidisciplinary meeting evaluated therapeutic options. After cesarean delivery, veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was instituted in preparation for open atrial septectomy.

Development of a 96-well plate iodine binding assay for amylose content determination.

Cereal starch amylose/amylopectin (AM/AP) is critical in functional properties for food and industrial applications. Conventional methods of AM/AP are time consuming and labor intensive making it difficult to screen the large sample sets necessary for evaluating breeding samples and investigating environmental impact on starch development. The objective was to adapt and optimize the iodine binding assay in a 96-well plate format for measurement at both λ 620 nm and λ 510 nm.

Effect of sorghum flour composition and particle size on quality properties of gluten-free bread.

White, food-grade sorghum was milled to flour of varying extraction rates (60%, 80%, and 100%) and pin-milled at different speeds (no pin-milling, low-speed, and high-speed) to create flours of both variable composition and particle size. Flours were characterized for flour composition, total starch content, particle size distribution, color, damaged starch, and water absorption. Bread was characterized for specific volume, crumb structure properties, and crumb firmness.

Wheat bran particle size influence on phytochemical extractability and antioxidant properties.

It is unknown if particle size plays a role in extracting health promoting compounds in wheat bran because the extraction of antioxidant and phenolic compounds with particle size reduction has not been well documented. In this study, unmilled whole bran (coarse treatment) was compared to whole bran milled to medium and fine treatments from the same wheat bran. Antioxidant properties (capacity, ability, power), carotenoids and phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins) were measured and compared.

High-throughput micro-plate HCI-vanillin assay for screening tannin content in sorghum grain.

Background: The HCI-vanillin assay is a well-accepted method for determining tannin content in sorghum but is limited to small sample sets due to the time-consuming nature of the method. The objective was to develop an accurate and repeatable high-throughput 96-well plate assay for breeders to screen large sample sets of sorghum for tannin content. Validation of the high-throughput assay was tested on 25 sorghums suspected to contain tannin.

Variability in tannin content, chemistry and activity in a diverse group of tannin containing sorghum cultivars.

Background: Tannins are large polyphenolic polymers and are known to bind proteins, limiting their digestibility, but are also excellent antioxidants. Numerous studies investigating the functional properties of sorghum tannin have been conducted by comparing grain samples from different sorghum lines without considering the other intrinsic characteristics of the grain. The purpose of this study was to remove the confounding intrinsic factors present in the endosperm so the effect of the tannins could be evaluated utilizing a unique decortication/reconstitution procedure.

Effect of HPMC on the quality of wheat-free bread made from carob germ flour-starch mixtures.

Unlabelled: Carob germ proteins have been shown to have functional properties similar to wheat gluten enabling formulation and production of yeast leavened gluten-free baked goods from a true dough rather than a stiff batter. The purpose of this research was to optimize the production of wheat-free bread containing carob germ flour, corn starch, NaCl, sucrose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), and H₂O. A key criterion was to formulate viscoelastic dough similar to wheat dough.

Composition and molecular weight distribution of carob germ protein fractions.

Biochemical properties of carob germ proteins were analyzed using a combination of selective extraction, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), size exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled with multiangle laser light scattering (SEC-MALS), and electrophoretic analysis. Using a modified Osborne extraction procedure, carob germ flour proteins were found to contain approximately 32% albumin and globulin and approximately 68% glutelin with no prolamins detected. The albumin and globulin fraction was found to contain low amounts of disulfide-bonded polymers with relatively low M(w) ranging up to 5 x 10(6) Da.

Vitamin and mineral supplements have a nutritionally significant impact on micronutrient intakes of older adults attending senior centers.

Older adults frequently report use of vitamin and mineral (VM) supplements, although the impact of supplements on dietary adequacy remains largely unknown. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate micronutrient intakes of older adults with emphasis on identifying nutrients most improved by VM supplements, nutrients most likely to remain inadequate, and nutrients most likely consumed in excess. Community-based volunteers were recruited from senior centers and completed a questionnaire querying demographic data, current health status, and VM supplement use.

Precooked bran-enriched wheat flour using extrusion: dietary fiber profile and sensory characteristics.

The effect of precooking by extrusion processing on the dietary fiber profile of wheat flour substituted with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% wheat bran was evaluated. Depending on the level of bran, total dietary fiber (TDF) and soluble dietary fiber (SDF) in uncooked flours ranged from 4.2% to 17.

Influence of deacetylation on the rheological properties of xanthan-guar interactions in dilute aqueous solutions.

An oscillating capillary rheometer was used to investigate the effects of xanthan deacetylation on the viscoelastic properties and intrinsic viscosity of xanthan and guar mixtures in dilute aqueous solutions. Deacetylated xanthan exhibited a stronger synergistic interaction with guar than native xanthan did due to the destabilized helical structure and increased chain flexibility of the deacetylated xanthan. No gels were observed for all xanthan-guar mixtures.

Effects of ascorbic and citric acid on beef lumbar vertebrae marrow colour.

Citric acid was evaluated as a way of improving ascorbic acid's ability to stabilize beef lumbar vertebrae colour in high-oxygen packaging (MAP; 80% O(2)/20% CO(2)). Vertebrae were treated with citric acid (1%, 3%, or 10%), ascorbic acid (1%, 3%, or 10%), or a combination of both. Citric acid demonstrated no positive effects (P>0.

Comparison of ascorbic acid and sodium erythorbate: Effects on the 24h display colour of beef lumbar vertebrae and longissimus lumborum packaged in high-oxygen modified atmospheres.

Sodium erythorbate and ascorbic acid were compared as a means to stabilize surface colour of bone-in beef steaks in high-oxygen modified atmosphere (80% oxygen and 20% carbon dioxide). Bone-in strip loins (n=8) were fabricated into 1.9-cm thick steaks, of which both the lumbar vertebrae and longissimus lumborum were topically treated with either ascorbic acid or sodium erythorbate (0, 0.

Efficacy of cetylpyridinium chloride against Listeria monocytogenes and its influence on color and texture of cooked roast beef.

Sliced (cut) and exterior (intact) surfaces of restructured cooked roast beef were inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes, treated with cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC; immersion in 500 ml of 1% solution for 1 min), individually vacuum packaged, and stored for 42 days at 0 or 4 degrees C. Noninoculated samples were similarly treated, packaged, and stored to determine effects on quality (color and firmness) and on naturally occurring bacterial populations, including aerobic plate counts and lactic acid bacteria. Immediately after CPC treatment, regardless of inoculation level, L.

Antimicrobial activity of cetylpyridinium chloride against Listeria monocytogenes on frankfurters and subsequent effect on quality attributest.

Frankfurters inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes were treated with 1% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) or with 1% CPC followed by a water rinse at various combinations of spray temperatures (25, 40, and 55 degrees C), spray pressures (20, 25, and 35 psi), and times of exposure (30, 40, and 60 s). No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in the reductions achieved by 1% CPC + water wash and those achieved with 1% CPC treatment alone.

Cetylpyridinium chloride treatment of ready-to-eat Polish sausages: effects on Listeria monocytogenes populations and quality attributes.

Ready-to-eat Polish sausages were inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes at either low (3 log(10) CFU/g) or high (7 log(10) CFU/g) levels, treated with a 1% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) spray (20 psi, 25 degrees C, 30-sec exposure), vacuum packaged, and stored for 42 days at 0 degrees C or 4 degrees C. Non-inoculated samples were similarly treated, packaged, and stored to determine effects on color, firmness, and naturally occurring bacterial populations such as aerobic plate counts (APC). At the low inoculation level, L.