Willingness and skills among students from non-health academic fields in providing efficient basic life support.

Unlabelled: Education in basic life support is widely proposed to increase survival in out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrest. The authors aimed to assess knowledge, skills, and attitudes, including willingness to help, regarding myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac arrest among university students of all fields of knowledge.

Methods: An Ethical Research Committee approved this cross-sectional study.

Development of a User-Friendly Self-Screening Tool for Assessing Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Youths from Economically Challenged Regions.

Background: Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of heart disease and diabetes. Early identification and management are crucial, especially in economically challenged regions with limited healthcare access.

Aims: To develop nomograms for individualized risk estimation for metabolic syndrome in young people from low-income regions.

Association of maternal, fetal and labor variables with a low Apgar score in the fifth minute in term pregnancy: a case-control study.

Purpose: To search for maternal, labor-related and fetal variables associated with low Apgar in the fifth minute in term pregnancy.

Methods: A retrospective case-control study with term births was conducted in a public teaching hospital from 2013 to 2020. Cases were term births with Apgar score less than 7 in the fifth minute, and controls, the next one or two births following a case, with Apgar of 7 or more.

24 h movement behavior and metabolic syndrome study protocol: A prospective cohort study on lifestyle and risk of developing metabolic syndrome in undergraduate students from low-income regions during a pandemic.

Introduction: Obesity and its comorbidities are increasingly prevalent in Latin America, with a more rapid growth in individuals with lower income. The composition of movement behaviors within a 24 h period may have important implications for obesity, metabolic and mental health in cross-sectional data. However, a longitudinal study is needed to confirm the findings from the primarily cross-sectional evidence.

Even High-Quality CPGs Seldom Include Implementation Strategies.

Implementation is a key step in ensuring that high-quality clinical practice guideline (CPG) recommendations are followed and have a positive impact. This step must be planned during CPG development. This study aims to inform professionals tasked with developing and implementing CPGs regarding implementation strategies and tools reported in high-quality CPGs for chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs).

Use of Alcohol Mixed with Energy Drinks Increases the Prevalence of Driving Violations among Brazilian Truck Drivers.

The use of alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AmED) has been reported to be associated with a variety of unsafe driving practices. Truck drivers are vulnerable to driving violations, particularly because of their engagement in drug use. The use of AmED among these professionals remains unknown.

Comparison of traffic data and blood alcohol concentration among fatally injured drivers in Norway and Sao Paulo, Brazil, 2005-2015.

Road traffic crashes (RTCs) are responsible for a large number of deaths worldwide, but low- and middle-income countries frequently present higher rates of deaths; for example, Norway, a high-income country, has a rate of 2.0 drivers killed per 100,000 inhabitants, whereas Brazil, a middle-income country, has a rate of 18.4.

Trends in the use of psychoactive substances by truck drivers in São Paulo State, Brazil: A time-series cross sectional roadside survey (2009-2016).

Objective: Truck drivers represent a group that is susceptible to the use of stimulant substances to reduce the symptoms of fatigue, which may be caused by a stressful and exhausting work environment. The use of psychoactive substances may increase the risk for involvement in road traffic crashes. Previous studies have demonstrated that amphetamine, cocaine, and cannabis are the 3 main drugs used by Brazilian truck drivers.

Loaded dice: A game theory analysis of drunk driving laws in Brazil.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the current legislation would encourage drunk drivers to refrain from taking a breathalyzer and thus avoid jail time.

Method: Brazilian traffic laws currently have 3 possible punishments for drivers suspected of driving under the influence: A fine and suspension of license for 12 months if the breathalyzer result is under 0.3 mg/L (by law; a result up to 0.

Alcohol use among fatally injured victims in São Paulo, Brazil: bridging the gap between research and health services in developing countries.

Background And Aims: Most studies reporting alcohol use among fatally injured victims are subject to bias, particularly those related to sample selection and to absence of injury context data. We developed a research method to estimate the prevalence of alcohol consumption and test correlates of alcohol use prior to fatal injuries.

Design, Setting And Participants: Cross-sectional study based on a probability sample of fatally injured adult victims (n = 365) autopsied in São Paulo, Brazil.

Alcohol and drug involvement in motorcycle driver injuries in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil: Analysis of crash culpability and other associated factors.

Background: Earlier studies have already identified that a greater proportion of injured drivers are under the effects of illicit drugs than alcohol in Brazil, but the crash risk attributable to each substance is still unknown.

Methods: Injured motorcycle drivers who were involved in traffic accidents in the West Zone of the city of Sao Paulo were recruited for a cross-sectional study based on crash culpability analysis. Alcohol and drug positivity among drivers was evaluated according to their responsibility for the crash.

Association between travel length and drug use among Brazilian truck drivers.

Objective: To investigate whether the use of the stimulants amphetamines and cocaine by truck drivers in Brazil was related to travel length.

Methods: Truck drivers were randomly stopped by the Federal Highway Police on interstate roads in Sao Paulo State during morning hours from 2008 to 2011 and invited to participate in the project "Comandos de Saúde nas Rodovias" (Health Commands on the Roads). Participants were asked about the use of drugs, travel distance, and age, and gender was recorded.

Young "healthy" smokers have functional and inflammatory changes in the nasal and the lower airways.

Background: Smoking is responsible for most COPD. Although people with COPD often have concomitant nasal disease, there are few studies that report physiologic or inflammatory changes in the upper airways in young asymptomatic smokers. We investigated physiologic and inflammatory changes in the nasal and lower airways of young smokers and if these changes were related to smoking history.

Aging, diabetes, and hypertension are associated with decreased nasal mucociliary clearance.

Background: We showed previously that nasal mucociliary clearance was decreased in critically ill elderly subjects, most of whom had diabetes mellitus (DM) and/or hypertension (HTN). To determine if these changes were due to the effects of aging, disease, or critical illness, we studied nasal mucociliary clearance and mucus properties in an ambulatory population consisting of young, elderly, and healthy subjects and those with DM, HTN, or both.

Methods: Of 440 subjects contacted, 252 entered the study.

Alcohol consumption in homicide victims in the city of São Paulo.

Aims: To assess the association between alcohol use and victimization by homicide in individuals autopsied at the Institute of Legal Medicine in São Paulo, Brazil.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Excessive consumption of alcohol is a serious public health issue and a major factor in triggering violent situations, which suggests a strong association between alcohol ingestion and becoming a victim of homicide.

Crack cocaine use and its relationship with violence and HIV.

Objectives: To evaluate crack cocaine use practices, risk behaviors associated with HIV infection among drug users, and their involvement with violence.

Introduction: HIV infections are frequent among drug users due to risky sexual behavior. It is generally accepted that crack cocaine use is related to increased levels of violence.

[Association between mode of delivery and maternal complications in a public hospital in Greater Metropolitan São Paulo, Brazil].

The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between mode of delivery and maternal complications, based on a retrospective cohort of all births at a public hospital in 2003. Complications included: infection, hemorrhage, hysterectomy, uterine rupture, lesions in adjacent organs, deep venous thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. The analysis used odds ratio (OR), chi-squared test, and Fisher's exact test, besides logistic regression.

Factors affecting compliance with the measles vaccination schedule in a Brazilian city.

Context And Objective: The success of vaccination campaigns depends on the degree of adherence to immunization initiatives and schedules. Risk factors associated with children's failure to receive the measles vaccine at the correct age were studied in the city of São Paulo, Brazil.

Design And Setting: Case-control and exploratory study, in the metropolitan area of São Paulo.