Promoting cardiovascular nursing practice and research: A model for a university joint appointment.

Background: University joint appointments promote continuity of academic leadership and the acceleration of nurses' impact on improved outcomes and health service delivery. The role of university-appointed and hospital-located nurse scientists is of growing interest in the academic and clinical settings, and within the nursing profession. There is a pressing need to describe and study models of appointments, responsibilities and contributions to strengthen the integration of this boundary-crossing role across the continuum of the nursing profession.

Sensitisation of preruminant calves and piglets to antigenic protein in early weaning diets: control of the systemic antibody responses.

The immune response stimulated by dietary protein was studied in preruminant calves and piglets. Calves receiving dietary soya developed high serum titres of soya-specific IgG which did not decline with prolonged feeding. IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses showed a parallel rise although IgG1 predominated.

[Mechanisms implicated in the intestinal allergic reaction to soya proteins in the preruminant calf].

Studies of intestinal motility in calves given antigenic soya protein or sucrose showed disturbances linked to diarrhoea. Disorders arising from feeding antigenic soya protein were distinct from abnormal motility induced by indigestible carbohydrate. Suppression of the digestive disorders by a drug having anti-allergic properties implied the involvement of an immunological mechanism.

A comparison of the antigenicity of soya-bean-based infant formulas.

1. The antigenicity of four soya-bean-based infant formulas (Prosobee powder, Prosobee liquid concentrate (Mead Johnson, Uxbridge, Middx), Wysoy (Wyeth, Maidenhead, Berks) and Formula S (Cow and Gate, Trowbridge, Wilts] was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) specific for glycinin and beta-conglycinin. Results were compared with in vivo assessments of antigenicity using guinea-pigs, rabbits and calves.

Reduction in the antigenicity of whey proteins by heat treatment: a possible strategy for producing a hypoallergenic infant milk formula.

Residual antigenic protein in heat-denatured cow's milk whey and in two commercial infant milk formulas was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays specific for beta-lactoglobulin, alpha-lactalbumin, bovine serum albumin, bovine IgG1 and alpha-casein. This immunochemical assessment of antigenicity was related to the capacity of the preparations to sensitize immunologically when fed to guinea-pigs for 2 weeks. Antibody production was measured and the susceptibility of the animals to systemic anaphylaxis was assessed by injecting them intravenously with heated or unheated milk proteins.

Effects of heat treatment of cow's milk and whey on the nutritional quality and antigenic properties.

Recent experiments in guinea-pigs suggest that heat treatment applied during the manufacture of baby milk formulae reduces the immunological sensitising capacity of the cow's milk proteins. This immunological benefit must be weighed against possible damage that heat treatment may cause to the nutritional quality of the products. Severe heat treatment of skimmed milk (121 degrees C for 20 min) destroyed all the vitamin B12, about 60% of the thiamin and vitamin B6, 70% of the ascorbic acid, and about 30% of the folate.

Immune responses in guinea pigs to dietary protein. I. Induction of tolerance by feeding with ovalbumin.

Introduction of ovalbumin into the diet of guinea pigs initially evoked the production of circulating antibody. With continued feeding, antibody levels declined in animals fed with ovalbumin from 2-4 days or 6-8 weeks of age, but remained constant in guinea pigs commencing the feeding regimen at 5-6 months of age. All animals receiving dietary ovalbumin became hyporesponsive to parenteral injection with ovalbumin in adjuvant, and suppression of IgG1 and IgG2 antibody subclasses was observed.