Mepivacaine attenuates vasodilation induced by ATP-sensitive potassium channels in rat aorta.

The goal of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of mepivacaine on vasodilation induced by the ATP-sensitive potassium (K) channel opener levcromakalim in isolated endothelium-denuded rat aortas. The effects of mepivacaine and the K channel inhibitor glibenclamide, alone or in combination, on levcromakalim-induced vasodilation were assessed in the isolated aortas. The effects of mepivacaine or combined treatment with a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, GF109203X, and mepivacaine on this vasodilation were also investigated.

Dexmedetomidine-Induced Contraction in the Isolated Endothelium-Denuded Rat Aorta Involves PKC-δ-mediated JNK Phosphorylation.

Vasoconstriction mediated by the highly selective alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist dexmedetomidine leads to transiently increased blood pressure and severe hypertension. The dexmedetomidine-induced contraction involves the protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated pathway. However, the main PKC isoform involved in the dexmedetomidine-induced contraction remains unknown.

Lipid Emulsion Attenuates Acetylcholine-Induced Relaxation in Isolated Rat Aorta.

We investigated the effect of Lipofundin MCT/LCT and Intralipid on acetylcholine-induced nitric oxide- (NO-) mediated relaxation in rat aorta to determine which lipid emulsion (LE) is more potent in terms of inhibition of NO-induced relaxation. Dose-response curves of responses induced by acetylcholine, the calcium ionophore A23187, and sodium nitroprusside were generated using isolated rat aorta with or without LE. The effect of Lipofundin MCT/LCT on acetylcholine-induced endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was investigated using western blotting.

Anesthetic management for percutaneous computed tomography-guided radiofrequency ablation of reninoma: a case report.

A reninoma is an uncommon, benign, renin-secreting juxtaglomerular cell tumor that causes secondary hypertension in young patients. This hypertension is treated by tumor resection. Except for increased levels of plasma renin and angiotensin I and II, the other physical and laboratory examinations and electrocardiographs were within normal limits upon admission of a 19-year-old woman with a reninoma.

Dexmedetomidine-induced contraction involves phosphorylation of caldesmon by JNK in endothelium-denuded rat aortas.

Caldesmon, an inhibitory actin binding protein, binds to actin and inhibits actin-myosin interactions, whereas caldesmon phosphorylation reverses the inhibitory effect of caldesmon on actin-myosin interactions, potentially leading to enhanced contraction. The goal of this study was to investigate the cellular signaling pathway responsible for caldesmon phosphorylation, which is involved in the regulation of the contraction induced by dexmedetomidine (DMT), an alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist, in endothelium-denuded rat aortas. SP600125 (a c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase [JNK] inhibitor) dose-response curves were generated in aortas that were pre-contracted with DMT or phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu), a protein kinase C (PKC) activator.

Bupivacaine-induced Vasodilation Is Mediated by Decreased Calcium Sensitization in Isolated Endothelium-denuded Rat Aortas Precontracted with Phenylephrine.

Background: A toxic dose of bupivacaine produces vasodilation in isolated aortas. The goal of this in vitro study was to investigate the cellular mechanism associated with bupivacaine-induced vasodilation in isolated endotheliumdenuded rat aortas precontracted with phenylephrine.

Methods: Isolated endothelium-denuded rat aortas were suspended for isometric tension recordings.

Systemic blockage of nitric oxide synthase by L-NAME increases left ventricular systolic pressure, which is not augmented further by Intralipid®.

Intravenous lipid emulsions (LEs) are effective in the treatment of toxicity associated with various drugs such as local anesthetics and other lipid soluble agents. The goals of this study were to examine the effect of LE on left ventricular hemodynamic variables and systemic blood pressure in an in vivo rat model, and to determine the associated cellular mechanism with a particular focus on nitric oxide. Two LEs (Intralipid(®) 20% and Lipofundin(®) MCT/LCT 20%) or normal saline were administered intravenously in an in vivo rat model following induction of anesthesia by intramuscular injection of tiletamine/zolazepam and xylazine.

Mepivacaine-induced contraction involves increased calcium sensitization mediated via Rho kinase and protein kinase C in endothelium-denuded rat aorta.

Mepivacaine is an aminoamide local anesthetic that produces vasoconstriction in vivo and in vitro. The goals of this in vitro study were to determine whether mepivacaine-induced contraction involves calcium sensitization in isolated endothelium-denuded aortas, and to investigate the specific protein kinases involved. The effects of mepivacaine and potassium chloride on intracellular calcium concentrations ([Ca(2+)]i) and tension in the presence or absence of Y-27632 or GF 109203X were measured simultaneously using the acetoxymethyl ester of fura-2-loaded aortic strips.

Lipid emulsion-mediated reversal of toxic-dose aminoamide local anesthetic-induced vasodilation in isolated rat aorta.

Background: Intravenous lipid emulsion has been used to treat systemic toxicity of local anesthetics. The goals of this in vitro study were to determine the ability of two lipid emulsions (Intralipid® and Lipofundin® MCT/LCT) to reverse toxic dose local anesthetic-induced vasodilation in isolated rat aortas.

Methods: Isolated endothelium-denuded aortas were suspended for isometric tension recording.

Mepivacaine-induced contraction involves phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase through activation of the lipoxygenase pathway in isolated rat aortic smooth muscle.

Mepivacaine is an aminoamide local anesthetic with an intermediate duration that intrinsically produces vasoconstriction both in vivo and in vitro. This study investigated the arachidonic acid metabolic pathways involved in mepivacaine-induced contraction, and elucidated the associated cellular mechanism with a particular focus on extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in endothelium-denuded rat aorta. Isolated rat thoracic aortic rings were suspended for isometric tension recording.

A Patient with Kikuchi's Disease: What Should Pain Clinicians Do?

Kikuchi's disease (KD) is an idiopathic and self-limiting necrotizing lymphadenitis that predominantly occurs in young females. It is common in Asia, and the cervical lymph nodes are commonly involved. Generally, KD has symptoms and signs of lymph node tenderness, fever, and leukocytopenia, but there are no reports on treatment for the associated myofacial pain.

Vasoconstriction potency induced by aminoamide local anesthetics correlates with lipid solubility.

Aminoamide local anesthetics induce vasoconstriction in vivo and in vitro. The goals of this in vitro study were to investigate the potency of local anesthetic-induced vasoconstriction and to identify the physicochemical property (octanol/buffer partition coefficient, pKa, molecular weight, or potency) of local anesthetics that determines their potency in inducing isolated rat aortic ring contraction. Cumulative concentration-response curves to local anesthetics (levobupivacaine, ropivacaine, lidocaine, and mepivacaine) were obtained from isolated rat aorta.

Mepivacaine-induced contraction is attenuated by endothelial nitric oxide release in isolated rat aorta.

Mepivacaine is an aminoamide-linked local anesthetic with an intermediate duration that intrinsically produces vasoconstriction both in vivo and in vitro. The aims of this in-vitro study were to examine the direct effect of mepivacaine in isolated rat aortic rings and to determine the associated cellular mechanism with a particular focus on endothelium-derived vasodilators, which modulate vascular tone. In the aortic rings with or without endothelium, cumulative mepivacaine concentration-response curves were generated in the presence or absence of the following antagonists: N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester [L-NAME], indomethacin, fluconazole, methylene blue, 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one [ODQ], verapamil, and calcium-free Krebs solution.

Myocardial protective effect by ulinastatin via an anti-inflammatory response after regional ischemia/reperfusion injury in an in vivo rat heart model.

Background: Ulinastatin has anti-inflammatory properties and protects organs from ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ulinastatin provides a protective effect on a regional myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in an in vivo rat heart model and to determine whether the anti-inflammatory response is related to its myocardial protective effect.

Methods: Rats were randomized to two groups.

Calcium sensitization involved in dexmedetomidine-induced contraction of isolated rat aorta.

Dexmedetomidine, a full agonist of the α2B-adrenoceptor that is mainly involved in vascular smooth muscle contraction, is primarily used for analgesia and sedation in intensive care units. High-dose dexmedetomidine produces hypertension in children and adults. The goal of this in vitro study was to investigate the role of the calcium (Ca(2+)) sensitization mechanism involving Rho-kinase, protein kinase C (PKC), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K) in mediating contraction of isolated rat aortic smooth muscle in response to dexmedetomidine.

Acute respiratory alkalosis occurring after endoscopic third ventriculostomy -A case report-.

An endoscopic third ventriculostomy was performed in a 55-year-old man with an obstructive hydrocephalus due to aqueductal stenosis. The vital signs and laboratory studies upon admission were within the normal limits. Anesthesia was maintained with nitrous oxide in oxygen and 6% desflurane.

Lipid emulsion reverses Levobupivacaine-induced responses in isolated rat aortic vessels.

Background: The goal of this in vitro study was to investigate the effects of lipid emulsion (LE) on local anesthetic levobupivacaine-induced responses in isolated rat aorta and to determine whether the effect of LE is related to the lipid solubility of local anesthetics.

Methods: Isolated rat aortic rings were suspended for isometric tension recording. The effects of LE were determined during levobupivacaine-, ropivacaine-, and mepivacaine-induced responses.

Ethyl pyruvate has anti-inflammatory and delayed myocardial protective effects after regional ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Purpose: Ethyl pyruvate has anti-inflammatory properties and protects organs from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced tissue injury. The aim of this study was to determine whether ethyl pyruvate decreases the inflammatory response after regional I/R injury and whether ethyl pyruvate protects against delayed regional I/R injury in an in vivo rat heart model after a 24 hours reperfusion.

Materials And Methods: Rats were randomized to receive lactated Ringer's solution or ethyl pyruvate dissolved in Ringer's solution, which was given by intraperitoneal injection 1 hour prior to ischemia.

Propofol has delayed myocardial protective effects after a regional ischemia/reperfusion injury in an in vivo rat heart model.

Background: It is well known that propofol protects myocardium against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in the rat heart model. The aim of this study was to investigate whether propofol provides a protective effect against a regional myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in an in vivo rat heart model after 48 h of reperfusion.

Methods: Rats were subjected to 25 min of left coronary artery occlusion followed by 48 h of reperfusion.

Spinal Anesthesia and Intrathecal Clonidine Decrease the Hypnotic Requirement of Propofol.

Background And Objectives: Spinal anesthesia and intrathecal clonidine are known to have hypnotic effects. We investigated the effect of spinal anesthesia and intrathecal clonidine on the requirement of propofol for sedation.

Methods: Sixty adult patients scheduled for stripping and ligation of varicose veins under local or spinal anesthesia were enrolled in this study.

Spinal cord stimulation for intractable post-thoracotomy pain syndrome: A case report.

Post-thoracotomy syndrome is a condition characterized by pain that continues for more than 2 months after a thoracotomic procedure. Some patients suffer from devastating chest pain despite receiving multimodal treatment such as analgesics, antidepressants, anticonvulsants and nerve blockers. Spinal cord stimulation has been reported to be a promising relief for the intractable neuropathic pain.

Anesthetic management for the endoscopic sinus surgery of a patient with coexisting severe cervical spine ankylosing spondylitis and unruptured cerebral aneurysm: A case report.

A 61-year-old man was admitted to the emergency room complaining of a severe left exophthalmos caused by frontal and ethmoid sinus mucoceles that were visualized on a brain computerized tomogram. In addition, he had coexisting ankylosing spondylitis with a 20 year duration that resulted in total fixation of the cervical spine and progressive thoracic kyphosis. An unruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm was found incidentally on the cerebral angiogram.

Dose remifentanil have a myocardial protective effect against a regional ischemia-reperfusion injury in an in vivo rat heart model?

Background: It is known that some opioids protect the myocardial tissue from myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. The aim of this study was to investigate whether remifentanil, at a clinically relevant concentration that's during the peri-ischemic period, has a protective effect against a regional I/R injury in an in vivo rat heart model.

Methods: Rats were subjected to 25 minutes of coronary artery occlusion and this was followed by 24 hours of reperfusion.