The Importance of Early Recognition, Timely Management, and the Role of Healthcare Providers in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children.

In April 2020, a pediatric report of an unusual inflammatory illness associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) led to similar cases in Europe and North America, which was referred to as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Herein, we describe the case of a 12-year-old boy who had a history of polymerase chain reaction-confirmed COVID-19 and developed MIS-C approximately three weeks after an initial diagnosis of COVID-19. High fever with abdominal pain mimicking appendicitis was the initial manifestation of MIS-C, which could have been easily missed if the patient's history of COVID-19 was ignored.

Effectiveness of negative pressure isolation stretcher and rooms for SARS-CoV-2 nosocomial infection control and maintenance of South Korean emergency department capacity.

Objective: There are growing concerns regarding the lack of COVID-19 pandemic response capacity in already overwhelmed emergency departments (EDs), and lack of proper isolation facilities. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the negative pressure isolation stretcher (NPIS) and additional negative pressure isolation rooms (NPIRs) on the maintenance of emergency care capacity during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Methods: A before and after intervention study was performed between February 27, 2020 and March 31, 2020 at the ED of Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea.

Bilateral Obstructive Uropathy Caused by Congenital Bladder Diverticulum Presenting as Hypertensive Retinopathy.

A congenital bladder diverticulum (CBD) is caused by inherent muscular weakness instead of obstruction of the bladder outlet. The major clinical conditions are recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) and voiding dysfunction. This report describes a 15-year-old male adolescent who developed sudden visual disturbance resulting from hypertensive retinopathy.

Diagnosis of bronchial artery aneurysm by computed tomography: a case report.

Bronchial artery aneurysm is a rare vascular abnormality, with an incidence of <1% based on diagnosis by selective bronchial angiography. It is manifested in various forms, ranging from an incidental finding on radiologic examination to life-threatening hemorrhage resulting from aneurysm rupture. We report a case of a 60-year-old man with a mediastinal bronchial artery aneurysm which was incidentally detected on chest computed tomography.

Clinical Value of Real-Time Ultrasonography-MRI Fusion Imaging for Second-Look Examination in Preoperative Breast Cancer Patients: Additional Lesion Detection and Treatment Planning.

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical effect of real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-navigated ultrasonography (US) for preoperative second-look examination in patients with breast cancer.

Patients And Methods: Between October 2013 and February 2015, 232 patients with breast cancer underwent MRI for staging; second-look US was performed in 70 patients to evaluate additional lesions suspected to be disease detected using MRI. We retrospectively included 67 lesions in 55 patients.

Outcomes of Esophageal Arterial Embolization for Treatment of Hemoptysis.

Purpose: To investigate safety and efficacy of esophageal arterial embolization (EAE) in addition to bronchial arterial embolization (BAE) for treatment of hemoptysis as well as the importance and characteristics of esophageal arteries in patients with hemoptysis.

Materials And Methods: Between January 2013 and December 2014, 20 patients (13 men and 7 women, mean age 58.4 y) underwent EAE in addition to BAE for hemoptysis.

Prognostic Significance of a Complete Response on Breast MRI in Patients Who Received Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy According to the Molecular Subtype.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between response categories assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or pathology and survival outcomes, and to determine whether there are prognostic differences among molecular subtypes.

Materials And Methods: We evaluated 174 patients with biopsy-confirmed invasive breast cancer who had undergone MRI before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, but before surgery. Pathology findings were classified as a pathologic complete response (pCR) or a non-pCR, and MRI findings were designated as a radiologic CR (rCR) or a non-rCR.

Clinical characteristics and outcome of incidental atrial septal openings in very low birth weight infants.

Background: Atrial septal openings (ASOs) are very common in premature infants.

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and natural course of ASOs in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants diagnosed in the first week of life and the association of ASOs with various clinical factors.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 217 infants born with a weight of <1,500 g between January 2007 and December 2011.

A comparison of logistic regression analysis and an artificial neural network using the BI-RADS lexicon for ultrasonography in conjunction with introbserver variability.

To determine which Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) descriptors for ultrasound are predictors for breast cancer using logistic regression (LR) analysis in conjunction with interobserver variability between breast radiologists, and to compare the performance of artificial neural network (ANN) and LR models in differentiation of benign and malignant breast masses. Five breast radiologists retrospectively reviewed 140 breast masses and described each lesion using BI-RADS lexicon and categorized final assessments. Interobserver agreements between the observers were measured by kappa statistics.

Reference values for serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 in Korean children and adolescents.

Objective: Measurements of serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) are utilized in the diagnostic work-up and clinical management of children with growth disorders. We designed this study to establish the reference values of serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels according to age, sex and pubertal stage in Korean children and adolescents.

Methods: For the study, 1378 healthy Korean children and adolescents aged 0 to 17 years (722 boys, 656 girls) were randomly selected.

Small atypical cervical nodes detected on sonography in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: probability of metastasis.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the probability of metastasis of small atypical cervical lymph nodes detected on sonography in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck.

Methods: We reviewed, retrospectively and blindly, sonographic findings of 148 patients (118 men and 30 women; mean age, 58.2 years) who underwent curative neck dissection.

Pericardial fat is more abundant in patients with coronary atherosclerosis and even in the non-obese patients: evaluation with cardiac CT angiography.

Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) may play an important role for developing an unfavorable cardiovascular risk profile. However, it has not been investigated if EAT is associated with coronary atherosclerosis in non-obese patients. We aimed to evaluate whether EAT is related to coronary atherosclerosis in non-obese patients.

Sonographic changes after removing all benign breast masses with sonographically guided vacuum-assisted biopsy.

Background: Total removal of benign breast masses by vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB) is now increasingly accepted as a treatment option. However, little is known about whether this procedure produces early changes on follow-up sonography and, if so, how often and what factors might influence them.

Purpose: To evaluate sonographic changes after total removal of benign breast masses using sonographically guided VAB and to determine the influencing factors.

Phase contrast microradiography of mouse lung using synchrotron X-ray: correlation with optical microscopy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of phase contrast X-ray microtomography and microradiography, using a polychromatic synchrotron X-ray, for analysis of the mouse lung microstructure.

Materials And Methods: Normal mice were used for experiments. Some of the mouse lungs were prepared by the lung fixation-inflation method.

Noncalcified ductal carcinoma in situ: imaging and histologic findings in 36 tumors.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate imaging findings in noncalcified ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and to compare histologic findings between noncalcified and calcified DCIS.

Methods: From January 2005 to May 2008, 195 patients with pathologically confirmed DCIS were recruited. Among these, 36 patients (18%) had noncalcified DCIS.

Radiological findings of spinal schwannomas and meningiomas: focus on discrimination of two disease entities.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of CT and MR imaging in differentiating intradural extramedullary spinal schwannomas and meningiomas in a large group of patients. In addition, the study correlates tumour location, morphologic characteristics and enhancement pattern. From January 2000 to June 2007, we retrospectively reviewed 128 consecutive patients (51 male, 77 female; mean age at admission 53.

Incidental extracardiac findings at cardiac CT angiography: comparison of prevalence and clinical significance between precontrast low-dose whole thoracic scan and postcontrast retrospective ECG-gated cardiac scan.

Purpose: To compare the prevalence and clinical significance of incidental extracardiac findings at cardiac CT angiography (CCTA) with precontrast low-dose whole thoracic scan (LDCT) and ECG-gated CCTA.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed 254 patients who underwent CCTA. All participants first underwent LDCT to determine a range for CCTA and to screen unrecognized extracardiac lesions.

Computer-aided diagnosis for the differentiation of malignant from benign thyroid nodules on ultrasonography.

Rationale And Objectives: We sought to evaluate the diagnostic performance of an artificial neural network (ANN) and binary logistic regression (BLR) in differentiating malignant from benign thyroid nodules on ultrasonography.

Materials And Methods: Two experienced radiologists, who were unaware of the histopathological diagnosis, analyzed ultrasonographic (US) features of 109 pathologically proven thyroid lesions (49 malignant and 60 benign) in 96 patients. Each radiologist was asked to evaluate US findings and categorize nodules into one of the two groups (malignant vs.

Image-guided transvaginal drainage of pelvic abscesses and fluid collection using a modified Seldinger technique.

Background: Transvaginal drainage using the trocar method is advantageous as a single-step procedure; however, the procedure may occasionally be difficult to perform, due to buckling of the catheter in the elastic vaginal tissues, despite the presence of a stiff stylet.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and the safety of image-guided transvaginal drainage of pelvic abscesses and fluid collection using a modified Seldinger technique.

Material And Methods: Fifteen patients (mean age 43 years, range 24-82 years) who underwent transvaginal aspiration (n=1) or catheter drainage (n=14) guided by ultrasound and fluoroscopy were enrolled in this retrospective study.

The short-term effects of balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration, for treating gastric variceal bleeding, on portal hypertensive changes: a CT evaluation.

Objective: We wanted to evaluate the short-term effects of balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) for treating gastric variceal bleeding, in terms of the portal hypertensive changes, by comparing CT scans.

Materials And Methods: We enrolled 27 patients who underwent BRTO for gastric variceal bleeding and they had CT scans performed just before and after BRTO. The pre- and post-procedural CT scans were retrospectively compared by two radiologists working in consensus to evaluate the short-term effects of BRTO on the subsequent portal hypertensive changes, including ascites, splenomegaly, portosystemic collaterals (other than gastrorenal shunt), the gall bladder (GB) edema and the intestinal wall edema.

Detection of recurrent ovarian cancer at MRI: comparison with integrated PET/CT.

Objective: To compare the diagnostic performances of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for the detection of recurrent ovarian tumor.

Methods: Thirty-six patients who underwent primary cytoreductive surgery for ovarian carcinoma received both MRI and PET/CT for the evaluation of ovarian tumor recurrence. Recurrent ovarian tumors in abdomen and pelvis were classified based on site as follows: (1) local pelvic recurrence, (2) peritoneal lesion, (3) lymph nodal metastasis, and (4) distant metastasis.

Endovascular treatment of posterior cerebral artery aneurysms using detachable coils.

Introduction: Aneurysms of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) are rare, and most of the studies reported in the literature in which the endovascular approach was applied were carried out on a limited number of patients with PCA aneurysms. We retrospectively reviewed our cases of PCA aneurysms--at various locations and of differing shapes--that received endovascular treatment and evaluated the treatment outcome.

Methods: From January 1996 to December 2006, 13 patients (eight females and five males) with 17 PCA aneurysms (nine fusiform and eight saccular) were treated using the endovascular approach.

Acute and chronic complications of aortic intramural hematoma on follow-up computed tomography: incidence and predictor analysis.

Objective: To ascertain the incidence of acute and chronic complications of aortic intramural hematoma (IMH) and to analyze the predictors of the development of each complication.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study includes 107 consecutive patients diagnosed with aortic IMH by means of computed tomography (CT) during the period from January 1998 to December 2003 and followed up with serial CT examinations (median follow-up period, 320 days). There were 36 patients with type A and 71 with type B IMH.

Percutaneous treatment of failed native dialysis fistulas: use of pulse-spray pharmacomechanical thrombolysis as the primary mode of therapy.

Objective: To determine the efficacy and outcome of percutaneous treatment in restoring the function of failed native arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) where pulse-spray pharmacomechanical thrombolysis was used as the primary mode of therapy.

Materials And Methods: From June 2001 to July 2005, 14 patients who had thrombosis of native AVFs underwent percutaneous restoration following 20 episodes of thrombosis. These included 6 repeated episodes in one forearm AVF and two episodes in another forearm AVF.

Mechanical thrombectomy of acute iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis with use of an Arrow-Trerotola percutaneous thrombectomy device.

Purpose: To evaluate the immediate and 1-year clinical outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy with use of the Arrow-Trerotola percutaneous thrombectomy device (PTD) with or without low-dose urokinase in the treatment of acute iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

Materials And Methods: Mechanical thrombectomy with the PTD was performed in 25 patients with acute iliofemoral DVT. Thrombolytic therapy with low-dose urokinase was used in all patients without contraindications (n = 20).