Effects of intrathecal administration of sodium nitroprusside and nicardipine on cerebral pial microcirculation, cortical tissue oxygenation, and electrocortical activity in the early post-resuscitation period in a porcine cardiac arrest model.

Recent studies suggested intrathecal vasodilator administration as a therapy to mitigate post-ischemic cerebral hypoperfusion following cardiac arrest. We examined the effects of two commonly used intrathecal vasodilators, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and nicardipine, on cerebral pial microcirculation, cortical tissue oxygen tension (PctO2), and electrocortical activity in the early post-resuscitation period using a porcine model of cardiac arrest. Thirty pigs were resuscitated after 14 min of untreated cardiac arrest.

Chemical Redox Agent-Driven Noncorrosive Formation of Nanoporous Mg Structures for Advanced Hydrogen Storage.

Light metal-based nanomaterials are widely used for energy storage due to their high energy density and surface-to-volume ratio. However, their high reactivity is paradoxically both the source of advantageous properties and a hurdle to the fabrication of stable nanostructures. Here, we demonstrate the formation of nanoporous Mg via chemical redox agent-driven dealloying, which ensures minimized surface passivation and results in fine nanostructures with <50 nm of interconnected metallic ligament despite the labile chemical properties of Mg.

Explainable artificial intelligence for the interpretation of ensemble learning performance in algal bloom estimation.

Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations, a key indicator of algal blooms, were estimated using the XGBoost machine learning model with 23 variables, including water quality and meteorological factors. The model performance was evaluated using three indices: root mean square error (RMSE), RMSE-observation standard deviation ratio (RSR), and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency. Nine datasets were created by averaging 1 hour data to cover time frequencies ranging from 1 hour to 1 month.

Real-time chlorophyll-a forecasting using machine learning framework with dimension reduction and hyperspectral data.

Since water is an essential resource in various fields, it requires constant monitoring. Chlorophyll-a concentration is a crucial indicator of water quality and can be used to monitor water quality. In this study, we developed methods to forecast chlorophyll-a concentrations in real-time using hyperspectral data on IoT platform and various machine learning algorithms.

Association analysis of leaf aromatic substances in cultivated and weedy types of crop using SSR markers.

In East Asia, particularly South Korea, the two cultivated varieties of are commonly grown. They are clearly distinguished by their aromatic substances and have different uses as leafy vegetables or oil crop. This study was performed for the development of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers linked to volatile compounds in leaves that show differences between cultivated var.

Grand canonically optimized grain boundary phases in hexagonal close-packed titanium.

Grain boundaries (GBs) profoundly influence the properties and performance of materials, emphasizing the importance of understanding the GB structure and phase behavior. As recent computational studies have demonstrated the existence of multiple GB phases associated with varying the atomic density at the interface, we introduce a validated, open-source GRand canonical Interface Predictor (GRIP) tool that automates high-throughput, grand canonical optimization of GB structures. While previous studies of GB phases have almost exclusively focused on cubic systems, we demonstrate the utility of GRIP in an application to hexagonal close-packed titanium.

Association Mapping of Seed Coat Color Characteristics for Near-Isogenic Lines of Colored Waxy Maize Using Simple Sequence Repeat Markers.

Waxy maize is mainly cultivated in South Korea for the production of food and snacks, and colored maize with increased anthocyanin content is used in the production of functional foods and medicinal products. Association mapping analysis (AMA) is supported as the preferred method for identifying genetic markers associated with complex traits. Our study aimed to identify molecular markers associated with two anthocyanin content and six seed coat color traits in near-isogenic lines (NILs) of colored waxy maize assessed through AMA.

Anti-inflammatory effect of the combined treatment of LMT-28 and kaempferol in a collagen-induced arthritis mouse model.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation and swelling. Several studies have demonstrated that RA fibroblast-like synovial cells (RA-FLS) play an important role in RA pathogenesis. Activated RA-FLS contribute to synovial inflammation by secreting inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α.

Interpenetrated Structures for Enhancing Ion Diffusion Kinetics in Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices.

The architectural design of electrodes offers new opportunities for next-generation electrochemical energy storage devices (EESDs) by increasing surface area, thickness, and active materials mass loading while maintaining good ion diffusion through optimized electrode tortuosity. However, conventional thick electrodes increase ion diffusion length and cause larger ion concentration gradients, limiting reaction kinetics. We demonstrate a strategy for building interpenetrated structures that shortens ion diffusion length and reduces ion concentration inhomogeneity.

Integrated Framework to Model Microstructure Evolution and Decipher the Microstructure-Property Relationship in Polymeric Porous Materials.

Unraveling the microstructure-property relationship is crucial for improving material performance and advancing the design of next-generation structural and functional materials. However, this is inherently challenging because it requires both the comprehensive quantification of microstructural features and the accurate assessment of corresponding properties. To meet these requirements, we developed an efficient and comprehensive integrated modeling framework, using polymeric porous materials as a representative model system.

IL-6 Inhibitory Compounds from the Aerial Parts of and Their Anticancer Activities on Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines.

Buch-Ham, a perennial woody vine belonging to the Piperaceae family, is traditionally used in Southeast Asia for treating various ailments such as malaria, headache, and hepatitis. This study described the isolation and identification of three new compounds, piperamides I-III (-), which belong to the maleimide-type alkaloid skeletons, along with fifteen known compounds (-) from the methanol extract of the aerial parts of . Their chemical structures were elucidated using spectroscopic methods (UV, IR, ESI-Q-TOF-MS, and 1D/2D NMR).

A derivative of 3-(1,3-diarylallylidene)oxindoles inhibits dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice.

Background: IA-0130 is a derivative of 3-(1,3-diarylallylidene)oxindoles, which is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). A previous study demonstrated that SERM exhibits anti-inflammatory effects on colitis by promoting the anti-inflammatory phenotype of monocytes in murine colitis. However, the therapeutic effects of oxindole on colitis remain unknown.

Predicted Fracture Tendency of Naturally Occurring Aluminum Surface Coatings under Tensile Loading.

Naturally occurring coatings on aluminum metal, such as its oxide or hydroxide, serve to protect the material from corrosion. Understanding the conditions under which these coatings mechanically fail is therefore expected to be an important aspect of predictive models for aluminum component lifetimes. To this end, we develop and apply a molecular dynamics (MD) modeling framework for conducting tension tests that is capable of isolating factors governing the mechanical strength as a function of coating chemistry, defect morphology, and variables associated with the loading path.

Comparative Analysis of Polyphenolic Compounds in Different Species: Influence of Genotypes and Harvesting Year.

Amaranth is a nutritionally valuable crop, as it contains phenolic acids and flavonoids, yielding diverse plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) like phytosterol, tocopherols, and carotenoids. This study explored the variations in the contents of seventeen polyphenolic compounds within the leaves of one hundred twenty accessions representing nine species. The investigation entailed the analysis of phenolic content across nine species, specifically , , , , , , , , and , utilizing ultra performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (UPLC-PDA).

Geraniin Alleviates Inflammation in Caco-2 Cells and Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis Mice by Targeting IL-1β.

IL-1β is an important cytokine implicated in the progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and intestinal barrier dysfunction. The polyphenolic compound, geraniin, possesses bioactive properties, such as antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, and antiviral activities; however, its IL-1β-targeted anticolitis activity remains unclear. Here, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of geraniin in IL-1β-stimulated Caco-2 cells and a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model.

Celastrol regulates psoriatic inflammation and autophagy by targeting IL-17A.

Anti-IL-17A antibodies, such as secukinumab and ixekizumab, are effective proinflammatory cytokine inhibitors for autoimmune disorders, including psoriasis. However, anti-IL-17A small molecule treatments are yet to be commercialized. Celastrol, a natural compound extracted from the roots of traditional Chinese medicinal plants, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

Ionic Strength-Dependent Structure of Complex Coacervate Core Micelles.

Salt concentration-dependent structure of complex coacervate core micelles (C3Ms), formed by polyether-based block copolyelectrolytes containing cationic ammonium (A) or anionic sulfonate (S) groups in aqueous media, is investigated by light scattering and small-angle X-ray/neutron scattering (SAX/NS). As the salt concentration increases, both a core radius () and an aggregation number () significantly decrease, but a corona thickness () is nearly unchanged. Larger salt concentrations can lower the interfacial tension between the coacervate cores and aqueous media, resulting in an increased interfacial area per chain and a more relaxed conformation of the core blocks.

Inhibition of DNMT3B expression in activated hepatic stellate cells overcomes chemoresistance in the tumor microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a complex disease associated with a plethora of environmental and genetic/hereditary causative risk factors, more so than other oncological indications. Additionally, patients with HCC exhibit fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver-related disease. This complicated etiology can affect the disease course and likely contributes to its poor prognosis.

The Association Among Post-hemodialysis Blood Pressure, Nocturnal Hypertension, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors.

Background: Most hemodialysis (HD) patients suffer from hypertension and have a heightened cardiovascular risk. While blood pressure (BP) control is essential to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients, overly stringent control can lead to intradialytic hypotension (IDH). This study aimed to examine BP variations during and after HD to determine whether these variations correlate with IDH risk.

Celastrol, which targets IL-2/CD25 binding inhibition, induces T cell-mediated antitumor activity in melanoma.

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) induces contrasting immune responses depending on its binding receptor subunit; thus, selective receptor binding is considered a key challenge in cancer therapeutic strategies. In this study, we aimed to investigate the inhibition of IL-2 action and antitumor activity of celastrol (CEL), a compound identified in a screen for IL-2/CD25 binding inhibitors, and to elucidate the underlying role of CEL in immune cells. We found that CEL selectively impairs the binding of IL-2 and CD25 and directly binds to IL-2 but not to CD25.