Factors associated with delays in medical and surgical open facial fracture management.

Objectives: Open fractures are at risk of infection because of exposure of bone and tissue to the environment. Facial fractures are often accompanied by other severe injuries, and therefore fracture management may be delayed until after stabilization. Previous studies in this area have examined timing of multiple facets of care but have tended to report on each in isolation (eg, antibiotic initiation).

Necessity of repeat head computed tomography after isolated skull fracture in the pediatric population.

Background: Head injuries are common in the pediatric population, but when an isolated skull fracture is found, there are no guidelines for repeat imaging. This study evaluated the need for repeat head computed tomography (CT) for isolated skull fracture.

Methods: A 10-year retrospective review was conducted of patients 17 years and younger with isolated skull fractures.

A tomato ER-type Ca2+-ATPase, LCA1, has a low thapsigargin-sensitivity and can transport manganese.

Recombinant Ca(2+)-ATPase from tomato (i.e. LCA1 for Lycopersicon esculentum [Since the identification and naming of LCA1, the scientific name for the tomato has been changed to Solanum lycopersicum.

Alternative transcription initiation sites generate two LCA1 Ca2+-ATPase mRNA transcripts in tomato roots.

The tomato LCA1 gene encodes a Ca2+-ATPase and gives rise to two major mRNA transcripts and two distinct protein products of different size in tomato roots. The basis of the transcript size difference was investigated to assess whether the mRNA transcripts encoded distinct protein products. Primer extension and S1 nuclease analysis identified two transcription initiation sites at -72 and -1392 from the start of translation.

Two plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase genes expressed in guard cells of Vicia faba are also expressed throughout the plant.

Guard cells modulate stomatal apertures in response to hormones, metabolic demands and environmental stimuli. The guard cell PM H(+)-ATPases play a critical role in this process by generating the electrochemical gradient to drive solute transport and concomitant water flux. The PM H(+)-ATPase activity is specifically regulated by red and blue light, fungal toxins and auxin.

A community-based prevalence study on headache in Malaysia.

This community study on headache in Malaysia was based on IHS diagnostic criteria and showed the last-year prevalence of migraine was 9.0%. Migraine with aura accounted for only 10.