Incidence of cervical spine injury in victims of dismounted blast: a systematic review.

Introduction: Dismounted blast has the potential to cause life-threatening injuries to multiple simultaneous casualties, including injury to the cervical spine (c-spine). Spinal immobilisation can be costly in terms of time and personnel required to apply and sustain it. C-spine 'clearing' tools frequently do not apply to the blast-injured casualty, so clinical judgement must be used to determine those requiring c-spine immobilisation.

Evaluating Models of the Ageing BOLD Response.

Neural activity cannot be directly observed using fMRI; rather it must be inferred from the hemodynamic responses that neural activity causes. Solving this inverse problem is made possible through the use of forward models, which generate predicted hemodynamic responses given hypothesised underlying neural activity. Commonly-used hemodynamic models were developed to explain data from healthy young participants; however, studies of ageing and dementia are increasingly shifting the focus toward elderly populations.

Participatory Systems Thinking to Elucidate Drivers of Food Access and Diet Disparities among Minoritized Urban Populations.

The purpose of this study was to use participatory systems thinking to develop a dynamic conceptual framework of racial/ethnic and other intersecting disparities (e.g., income) in food access and diet in Philadelphia and to identify policy levers to address these disparities.

Predicting continuous amyloid PET values with CSF tau phosphorylation occupancies.

Introduction: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau phosphorylation at multiple sites is associated with cortical amyloid and other pathologic changes in Alzheimer's disease. These relationships can be non-linear. We used an artificial neural network to assess the ability of 10 different CSF tau phosphorylation sites to predict continuous amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) values.

Cognition Mediates the Association Between Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Amyloid and P-Tau and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms.

Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) can be an early manifestation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the associations among NPS, cognition, and AD biomarkers across the disease spectrum are unclear.

Objective: We analyzed cross-sectional mediation pathways between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of AD (Aβ1-42, p-tau181), cognitive function, and NPS.

Reliability of dynamic causal modelling of resting-state magnetoencephalography.

This study assesses the reliability of resting-state dynamic causal modelling (DCM) of magnetoencephalography (MEG) under conductance-based canonical microcircuit models, in terms of both posterior parameter estimates and model evidence. We use resting-state MEG data from two sessions, acquired 2 weeks apart, from a cohort with high between-subject variance arising from Alzheimer's disease. Our focus is not on the effect of disease, but on the reliability of the methods (as within-subject between-session agreement), which is crucial for future studies of disease progression and drug intervention.

Baseline levels and longitudinal changes in plasma Aβ42/40 among Black and white individuals.

Blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer disease (AD) may facilitate testing of historically under-represented groups. The Study of Race to Understand Alzheimer Biomarkers (SORTOUT-AB) is a multi-center longitudinal study to compare AD biomarkers in participants who identify their race as either Black or white. Plasma samples from 324 Black and 1,547 white participants underwent analysis with CN Diagnostics' PrecivityAD test for Aβ42 and Aβ40.

Does theta synchronicity of sensory information enhance associative memory? Replicating the theta-induced memory effect.

The binding of information from different sensory or neural sources is critical for associative memory. Previous research in animals suggested that the timing of theta oscillations in the hippocampus is critical for long-term potentiation, which underlies associative and episodic memory. Studies with human participants showed correlations between theta oscillations in medial temporal lobe and episodic memory.

Spatial Heterogeneity in Fatal Overdose Rate Trends in Mexican Cities: 2005-2021.

To describe national and city-level fatal drug overdose trends between 2005 and 2021 in Mexico. We calculated fatal overdose rates at the city level in 3-year periods from 2005 to 2021 and annually at the national level for people aged 15 to 64 years in Mexico. We calculated rate differences and rate ratios for each city between periods.

CSF biomarkers of immune activation and Alzheimer's disease for predicting cognitive impairment risk in the elderly.

The immune system substantially influences age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression, affected by genetic and environmental factors. In a Mayo Clinic Study of Aging cohort, we examined how risk factors like APOE genotype, age, and sex affect inflammatory molecules and AD biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Among cognitively unimpaired individuals over 65 ( = 298), we measured 365 CSF inflammatory molecules, finding age, sex, and diabetes status predominantly influencing their levels.

Comparison of cerebrospinal fluid, plasma and neuroimaging biomarker utility in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease biomarkers are crucial to understanding disease pathophysiology, aiding accurate diagnosis and identifying target treatments. Although the number of biomarkers continues to grow, the relative utility and uniqueness of each is poorly understood as prior work has typically calculated serial pairwise relationships on only a handful of markers at a time. The present study assessed the cross-sectional relationships among 27 Alzheimer's disease biomarkers simultaneously and determined their ability to predict meaningful clinical outcomes using machine learning.

Entorhinal-based path integration selectively predicts midlife risk of Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Entorhinal cortex (EC) is the first cortical region to exhibit neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD), associated with EC grid cell dysfunction. Given the role of grid cells in path integration (PI)-based spatial behaviors, we predicted that PI impairment would represent the first behavioral change in adults at risk of AD.

Methods: We compared immersive virtual reality (VR) PI ability to other cognitive domains in 100 asymptomatic midlife adults stratified by hereditary and physiological AD risk factors.

Associated factors to non-medical and medical use of psychoactive medication among Mexican adolescents and adults in a national household survey.

Background: Non-medical use of psychoactive medication is a public health problem. Studies in other contexts indicate that individual sociodemographic characteristics are associated with non-medical use, but these associations have not been assessed in the Mexican context.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence non-medical and medical use of psychoactive medication among Mexican adolescents and adults' medication users and to estimate the associations between sociodemographic characteristics and non-medical use of psychoactive medication, using data from a nationally representative sample.

Timing of Biomarker Changes in Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease in Estimated Years from Symptom Onset.

Objective: A clock relating amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) to time was used to estimate the timing of biomarker changes in sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD).

Methods: Research participants were included who underwent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection within 2 years of amyloid PET. The ages at amyloid onset and AD symptom onset were estimated for each individual.

Highly accurate blood test for Alzheimer's disease is similar or superior to clinical cerebrospinal fluid tests.

With the emergence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) disease-modifying therapies, identifying patients who could benefit from these treatments becomes critical. In this study, we evaluated whether a precise blood test could perform as well as established cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests in detecting amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and tau tangles. Plasma %p-tau217 (ratio of phosporylated-tau217 to non-phosphorylated tau) was analyzed by mass spectrometry in the Swedish BioFINDER-2 cohort (n = 1,422) and the US Charles F.

Understanding the effects of a sudden directional shift in somatosensory feedback and increasing task complexity on postural adaptation in individuals with and without chronic ankle instability.

Background: Individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) present somatosensory dysfunction following an initial ankle sprain. However, little is known about how individuals with CAI adapt to a sudden sensory perturbation of instability with increasing task and environmental constraints to maintain postural stability.

Methods: Forty-four individuals with and without unilateral CAI performed the Adaptation Test to a sudden somatosensory inversion and plantarflexion perturbations (environment) in double-, injured-, and uninjured- limbs.

Baseline levels and longitudinal rates of change in plasma Aβ42/40 among self-identified Black/African American and White individuals.

Objective: The use of blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer disease (AD) may facilitate access to biomarker testing of groups that have been historically under-represented in research. We evaluated whether plasma Aβ42/40 has similar or different baseline levels and longitudinal rates of change in participants racialized as Black or White.

Methods: The Study of Race to Understand Alzheimer Biomarkers (SORTOUT-AB) is a multi-center longitudinal study to evaluate for potential differences in AD biomarkers between individuals racialized as Black or White.

Methods and measures to evaluate the impact of participatory model building on public policymakers: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Public policymakers are increasingly engaged in participatory model building processes, such as group model building. Understanding the impacts of policymaker participation in these processes on policymakers is important given that their decisions often have significant influence on the dynamics of complex systems that affect health. Little is known about the extent to which the impacts of participatory model building on public policymakers have been evaluated or the methods and measures used to evaluate these impacts.

Does functional system segregation mediate the effects of lifestyle on cognition in older adults?

Healthy aging is typically accompanied by cognitive decline. Previous work has shown that engaging in multiple, non-work activities during midlife can have a protective effect on cognition several decades later, rendering it less dependent on brain structural health; the definition of "cognitive reserve". Other work has shown that increasing age is associated with reduced segregation of large-scale brain functional networks.

Relationships of Cognitive Measures with Cerebrospinal Fluid but Not Imaging Biomarkers of Alzheimer Disease Vary between Black and White Individuals.

Objective: Biomarkers of Alzheimer disease vary between groups of self-identified Black and White individuals in some studies. This study examined whether the relationships between biomarkers or between biomarkers and cognitive measures varied by racialized groups.

Methods: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), amyloid positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetic resonance imaging measures were harmonized across four studies of memory and aging.

Correlational analyses of biomarkers that are harmonized through a bridging study due to measurement errors.

Evaluating correlations between disease biomarkers and clinical outcomes is crucial in biomedical research. During the early stages of many chronic diseases, changes in biomarkers and clinical outcomes are often subtle. A major challenge to detecting subtle correlations is that studies with large sample sizes are usually needed to achieve sufficient statistical power.