Evaluation of an automated phenotyping algorithm for rheumatoid arthritis.

To better understand the challenges of generally implementing and adapting computational phenotyping approaches, the performance of a Phenotype KnowledgeBase (PheKB) algorithm for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was evaluated on a University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) patient population, focusing on examining its performance on ambiguous cases. The algorithm was evaluated on a cohort of 4,766 patients, along with a chart review of 300 patients by rheumatologists against accepted diagnostic guidelines. The performance revealed low sensitivity towards specific subtypes of positive RA cases, which suggests revisions in features used for phenotyping.

Outcomes by Class of Anticoagulant Use for Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Active Cancer.

Background: The choice of anticoagulant agent for patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) in the setting of active cancer has not been well studied.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the rates of cerebrovascular accident (CVA), gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB), and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in patients treated with direct oral anticoagulant agents (DOACs) compared with warfarin for NVAF in patients with active cancer.

Methods: This was a retrospective electronic medical record review of eligible patients treated at a cancer hospital.

Myeloid Sarcoma of the Temporal Bone: A Unique Cause of Hearing Loss, Otalgia, and Facial Nerve Weakness.

Objective: To characterize a clinical triad of symptoms associated with myeloid sarcomas of the temporal bone via a review of all previously reported cases.

Methods: Case report and Ovid MEDLINE database literature review.

Results: A literature search revealed that a clinical triad of hearing loss, otalgia, and facial nerve weakness are commonly associated with this rare presentation of myeloid sarcoma in the temporal bone.

TSI-GNN: Extending Graph Neural Networks to Handle Missing Data in Temporal Settings.

We present a novel approach for imputing missing data that incorporates temporal information into bipartite graphs through an extension of graph representation learning. Missing data is abundant in several domains, particularly when observations are made over time. Most imputation methods make strong assumptions about the distribution of the data.

Accuracy of Asthma Computable Phenotypes to Identify Pediatric Asthma at an Academic Institution.

Objectives: Asthma is a heterogenous condition with significant diagnostic complexity, including variations in symptoms and temporal criteria. The disease can be difficult for clinicians to diagnose accurately. Properly identifying asthma patients from the electronic health record is consequently challenging as current algorithms (computable phenotypes) rely on diagnostic codes (e.

Microbiology, Histopathology, and Radiographic Findings in Silent Sinus Syndrome.

Background: The histopathology and microbiology associated with silent sinus syndrome (SSS) have not been well described.

Objective: This study details the histopathological and microbiological characteristics in addition to radiographic findings of SSS in comparison to those of chronic maxillary sinusitis (CRS).

Methods: 42 patients diagnosed with SSS at Mayo Clinic Hospital in Arizona were identified.

Carcinoid Heart Disease: a Comprehensive Review.

Purpose Of Review: Carcinoid heart disease is a rare disorder that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In this review of the literature, we will present current concepts in diagnosis and management of carcinoid heart disease.

Recent Findings: Recent expert consensus guidelines highlight the role of echocardiography and screening with NT-proBNP for the evaluation of carcinoid heart disease.

NADPH production by the oxidative pentose-phosphate pathway supports folate metabolism.

NADPH donates high energy electrons for antioxidant defense and reductive biosynthesis. Cytosolic NADP is recycled to NADPH by the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (oxPPP), malic enzyme 1 (ME1) and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1). Here we show that any one of these routes can support cell growth, but the oxPPP is uniquely required to maintain a normal NADPH/NADP ratio, mammalian dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) activity and folate metabolism.

Ultrathin Layered SnSe Nanoplates for Low Voltage, High-Rate, and Long-Life Alkali-Ion Batteries.

2D electrode materials with layered structures have shown huge potential in the fields of lithium- and sodium-ion batteries. However, their poor conductivity limits the rate performance and cycle stability of batteries. Herein a new colloid chemistry strategy is reported for making 2D ultrathin layered SnSe nanoplates (SnSe NPs) for achieving more efficient alkali-ion batteries.

Cardiovascular Risk in Survivors of Cancer.

Purpose Of Review: Survivors of childhood and adult cancers face increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We review the current evidence base and guidelines for this rapidly growing population.

Recent Findings: Research continues to show that cardiovascular disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer survivors.

OrthoClust: an orthology-based network framework for clustering data across multiple species.

Increasingly, high-dimensional genomics data are becoming available for many organisms.Here, we develop OrthoClust for simultaneously clustering data across multiple species. OrthoClust is a computational framework that integrates the co-association networks of individual species by utilizing the orthology relationships of genes between species.

Comparative analysis of the transcriptome across distant species.

The transcriptome is the readout of the genome. Identifying common features in it across distant species can reveal fundamental principles. To this end, the ENCODE and modENCODE consortia have generated large amounts of matched RNA-sequencing data for human, worm and fly.

Control strategies to prevent total hip replacement-related infections: a systematic review and mixed treatment comparison.

Objective: To synthesise the available evidence and estimate the comparative efficacy of control strategies to prevent total hip replacement (THR)-related surgical site infections (SSIs) using a mixed treatment comparison.

Design: Systematic review and mixed treatment comparison.

Setting: Hospital and other healthcare settings.

Most relevant strategies for preventing surgical site infection after total hip arthroplasty: guideline recommendations and expert opinion.

Background: Numerous strategies are available to prevent surgical site infections in hip arthroplasty, but there is no consensus on which might be the best. This study examined infection prevention strategies currently recommended for patients undergoing hip arthroplasty.

Methods: Four clinical guidelines on infection prevention/orthopedics were reviewed.

Modeling two-photon calcium fluorescence of episodic V1 recordings using multifrequency analysis.

The use of two-photon microscopy allows for imaging of deep neural tissue in vivo. This paper examines frequency-based analysis to two-photon calcium fluorescence images with the goal of deriving smooth tuning curves. We present a multifrequency analysis approach for improved extraction of calcium responses in episodic stimulation experiments, that is, when the stimulus is applied for a number of frames, then turned off for the next few frames, and so on.

Productivity loss resulting from coronary heart disease in Australia.

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the largest single cause of death in Australia. It places a heavy financial burden on the country's health system. To date, no study has systematically assessed CHD-related productivity loss in Australia.

Economic evaluation of the direct healthcare cost savings resulting from the use of walking interventions to prevent coronary heart disease in Australia.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in Australia. Direct healthcare costs of CHD exceed those of any other disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the direct healthcare cost savings resulting from walking interventions to prevent CHD in Australia.

Quantifying the dose-response of walking in reducing coronary heart disease risk: meta-analysis.

The evidence for the efficacy of walking in reducing the risk of and preventing coronary heart disease (CHD) is not completely understood. This meta-analysis aimed to quantify the dose-response relationship between walking and CHD risk reduction for both men and women in the general population. Studies on walking and CHD primary prevention between 1954 and 2007 were identified through Medline, SportDiscus and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.

The re-emerging concept of personalized healthcare.

Personalized healthcare has regained momentum through the unprecedented surge of research in the genomics field and related areas of biology. These new insights compel the optimization of healthcare and therapy for individual subjects. While the potential benefits are large, substantial obstacles need to be overcome for attaining clinical utility in general medial practice.