[Neonatal screening for critical congenital heart diseases in Peru: an urgent call].

Congenital heart diseases are the most common congenital malformations worldwide and represent one of the leading causes of neonatal death, in addition to the significant use of human and financial resources by health systems. The purpose of this document is to support the implementation of neonatal screening for critical congenital heart diseases using pulse oximetry according to the different geographical altitudes of Peru. This technology is widely used worldwide and has high sensitivity, specificity, and cost-effectiveness.

Association of delayed cord clamping with acute kidney injury and two-year kidney outcomes in extremely premature neonates: a secondary analysis of the Preterm Erythropoietin Neuroprotection Trial (PENUT).

Background: Delayed cord clamping (DCC) occurs in most preterm births.

Objective: Evaluate the association of DCC with acute kidney injury (AKI) and two-year kidney outcomes.

Methods: Secondary analysis of the Preterm Erythropoietin Neuroprotection Trial of neonates born 24 to 27 weeks' gestation.

Respiratory Severity Score and Oxygen Saturation Index during the First 2 Hours of Life as Predictors for Noninvasive Respiratory Support Failure in Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

Objective:  Noninvasive respiratory support (NRS) failure is common in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). We evaluated the utility of respiratory severity score (RSS) and oxygen saturation index (OSI) during the first 2 hours of life (HOL) as predictors for NRS failure in moderate preterm infants.

Study Design:  We conducted a retrospective cohort study of infants born between 28 and 33 weeks with RDS.

Respiratory Severity Score during the First 3 Hours of Life as a Predictor for Failure of Noninvasive Respiratory Support and Need for Late Rescue Surfactant Administration.

Objective: Preterm infants often develop failure of noninvasive respiratory support. These infants miss the advantages of early rescue surfactant therapy. In this study, we evaluate the utility of respiratory severity score (RSS) during the first 3 hours of life (HOL) as a predictor for failure of noninvasive respiratory support.

Predictors of successful treatment of respiratory distress with aerosolized calfactant.

Introduction: Predictors for successful aerosolized surfactant treatment are not well defined.

Objective: To identify predictors for successful treatment in the AERO-02 trial and the AERO-03 expanded access program.

Methods: Neonates receiving nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) at the time of first aerosolized calfactant administration were included in this analysis.

Response to aerosolized calfactant in infants with respiratory distress syndrome; a post-hoc analysis of AERO-02 trial.

Background: The aerosolized calfactant decreased the need for intubation in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (AERO-02 trial).

Objective: To determine the oxygenation response to aerosolized calfactant among infants born 28 0/7-36 6/7 weeks with RDS in the AERO-02 trial.

Methods: Trends in hourly fraction of oxygen (FiO), mean airway pressure (MAP) and respiratory severity score (RSS) were compared between the aerosolized calfactant (AC) and usual care (UC) groups from time of randomization for 72 h.

Critical congenital heart disease detection in the ANDES: Challenges and opportunities.

Critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) represents a challenging problem in global health equity due to the need for specialized surgical or transcatheter intervention within the first year of life. CCHD screening using pulse oximetry (POS) has led to significant improvements in mortality due to early referral and intervention. Andean America represents one of the few regions in the world with increasing CHD deaths and variable POS implementation.

Surfactant Administration Through Laryngeal or Supraglottic Airways (SALSA): A Viable Method for Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries.

Administration of liquid surfactant through an endotracheal tube for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome has been the standard of care for decades. A skilled health care provider is needed to perform this procedure. In lower-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), healthcare resources are often limited, leading to increased mortality of premature infants, many of whom would benefit from surfactant administration.

Severe necrotizing pneumonia complicated by empyema in a neonate.

Necrotizing pneumonia is a severe complication of pneumonia, characterized by local destruction of lung tissue with development of multiple small cavities (abscesses) and may be associated with empyema. Empyema is an unusual complication in neonates with limited data reported. We present a healthy term neonate with late-onset sepsis caused by Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) bacteremia due to severe necrotizing pneumonia associated with advanced stage empyema.