Sport Locus of Control and Perceived Stress among College Student-Athletes.

The purpose of the study was to analyze athletes' motivation for sport participation as it related to their locus of control. Research was conducted at two Division I universities in the southeastern United States. Participants were given the Sport Locus of Control and Perceived Stress among College Athletes surveys.

Effects of Heat Exposure on Body Water Assessed using Single-Frequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis and Bioimpedance Spectroscopy.

The purpose of this study was to determine if heat exposure alters the measures of total body water (TBW), extracellular water (ECW), and intracellular water (ICW) in both single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS). Additionally, we sought to determine if any differences exist between the BIA and BIS techniques before and after brief exposure to heat. Body water was evaluated for twenty men (age=24±4 years) in a thermoneutral environment (22°C) before (PRE) and immediately after (POST) 15 min of passive heating (35°C) in an environmental chamber.

Ultra-shortened time-domain HRV parameters at rest and following exercise in athletes: an alternative to frequency computation of sympathovagal balance.

Purpose: The primary purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) to root mean square of successive normal-to-normal interval differences (RMSSD) ratio from 1-min recordings (SDNN:RMSSD) compared to criterion recordings, as well as its relationship to low-frequency-to-high-frequency ratio (LF:HF) at rest and following maximal exercise in a group of collegiate athletes.

Method: Twenty athletes participated in the study. Heart rate variability (HRV) data were measured for 5 min before and at 5-10 and 25-30 min following a maximal exercise test.

Validity of Four-Compartment Model Body Fat In Physically Active Men And Women When Using DXA For Body Volume.

The purpose of this study was twofold: 1) compare body volume (BV) estimated from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to BV from a criterion underwater weighing (UWW) with simultaneous residual lung volume (RLV), and 2) compare four-compartment (4C) model body fat percentage (BF%) values when deriving BV via DXA (4C) and UWW (4C) in physically active men and women. One hundred twenty-two adults (62 men and 60 women) who self-reported physical activity levels of at least 1,000 MET·min·wk volunteered to participate (age = 22 ± 5 years). DXA BV was determined with the recent equation from Smith-Ryan et al.

Postexercise heart rate variability following treadmill and cycle exercise: a comparison study.

The purpose of this study was to compare postexercise heart rate variability (HRV) immediately following acute bouts of treadmill (T) and cycle (C) exercise at 65% of mode-specific maximal oxygen consumption reserve (65% VO R). Fourteen apparently healthy men participated in this study. On two separate and randomized days, each participant performed 30 min of exercise at 65% VO R on T and C.

Cross-Validation of Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Equations Among Female Collegiate Athletes.

The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of 3 general and 2 female-specific age-predicted maximal heart rate (HRmax) prediction equations in female collegiate athletes. Thirty female collegiate athletes (age = 21.5 ± 1.

Validity of the body adiposity index in adults with Down syndrome.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the agreement between the body adiposity index (BAI) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for measuring BF% in adults with Down syndrome (DS). Twenty adults (male: n=10; female: n=10) with Down syndrome volunteered to participate in this study. Criterion BF% was determined by DXA and predicted BF% was estimated by the BAI method.

Comparison of total and segmental body composition using DXA and multifrequency bioimpedance in collegiate female athletes.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the agreement between multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for measuring body fat percentage (BF%), fat-free mass (FFM), and total body and segmental lean soft tissue (LST) in collegiate female athletes. Forty-five female athletes (age = 21.2 ± 2.

Relationship between post-exercise heart rate variability and skinfold thickness.

This investigation aimed to determine if groupings based upon sum of skinfold thickness (SF) would reflect the differences in heart rate variability (HRV) measured for up to 30-minutes following maximal exercise, and to determine the extent in variation in post-exercise HRV that could be accounted for between the following independent variables: SF, body mass index (BMI) and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). SF and BMI measurements were performed on fifty-four men who completed maximal exercise testing to determine VO2max. HRV was evaluated for five-minutes before (Pre), at 0-5 minutes post- (Post1) and 25-30 minutes post-exercise (Post2), and analyzed by frequency domain [high frequency (HF) power, and HF to low frequency power ratio (LF:HF)).

Crossvalidation of two 20-m shuttle-run tests for predicting VO2max in female collegiate soccer players.

The aim of this study was twofold: (a) to compare the maximal attained speed (MAS) from the 20-m shuttle (MST) and 20-m square-shuttle (SST) tests and (b) to crossvalidate 2 equations for predicting maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) that were previously developed from MST and SST in a group of female collegiate soccer players. Thirty-nine subjects (age: 20.1 ± 1.

Crossvalidation of two heart rate-based equations for predicting VO2max in white and black men.

The purpose of this investigation was to crossvalidate 2 equations that use the ratio of maximal heart rate (HRmax) to resting HR (HRrest) for predicting maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) in white and black men. One hundred and nine white (n = 51) and black (n = 58) men completed a maximal exercise test on a treadmill to determine VO2max. The HRrest and HRmax were used to predict VO2max via the HRindex and HRratio equations.

Skinfold thickness is related to cardiovascular autonomic control as assessed by heart rate variability and heart rate recovery.

The purpose of this study was to determine if heart rate recovery (HRR) and heart rate variability (HRV) are related to maximal aerobic fitness and selected body composition measurements. Fifty men (age = 21.9 ± 3.

The relationship between selected body composition variables and muscular endurance in women.

The primary purpose of this study was to determine if muscular endurance is affected by referenced waist circumference groupings, independent of body mass and subcutaneous abdominal fat, in women. This study also explored whether selected body composition measures were associated with muscular endurance. Eighty-four women were measured for height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and abdominal skinfold thickness (SFAB) and performed 60-s sit-ups (SU) and maximal push-ups (PU) tests.

The accuracy of hand-to-hand bioelectrical impedance analysis in predicting body composition in college-age female athletes.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the accuracy of hand-to-hand bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) for estimating body composition in college-age female athletes using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) as the criterion measure. Forty National Association for Intercollegiate Athletics college female athletes volunteered to participate in this study. For each participant, total body fat percentage (BF%) and fat-free mass (FFM) were obtained via BIA and DEXA.

The relationship between resting heart rate variability and heart rate recovery.

Objective: There is limited research available regarding a possible relationship between resting heart rate variability (HRV) and post-exercise heart rate recovery (HRR). The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between resting HRV and HRR after maximal exercise.

Methods: Sixty-six college age men participated in this study.

Relationship of push-ups and sit-ups tests to selected anthropometric variables and performance results: a multiple regression study.

The purpose of this study was to explore whether selected anthropometric measures such as specific skinfold sites, along with weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumferences, and waist/hip ratio (WHR) were associated with sit-ups (SU) and push-ups (PU) performance, and to build a regression model for SU and PU tests. One hundred apparently healthy adults (40 men and 60 women) served as the subjects for test validation. The subjects performed 60-second SU and PU tests.

Vocal parameters of aerobic instructors with and without voice problems.

Aerobic instructors frequently experience vocal fatigue and are at risk for the development of vocal fold pathology. Six female aerobic instructors, three with self-reported voice problems and three without, served as subjects. Measures of vocal function (perturbation and EGG) were obtained before and after a 30-minute exercise session.

The effect of experience and gender on cardiovascular and metabolic responses with dynamic Tae Kwon Do exercise.

This study, conducted at the Exercise Physiology Laboratory of Auburn University, AL, addressed and compared the acute cardiovascular and metabolic effects elicited by novice and experienced men and women participants during a single bout of dynamic Tae Kwon Do exercise and investigated whether or not dynamic Tae Kwon Do practice is an exercise modality that provides sufficient cardiorespiratory demand for enhancing aerobic fitness and promoting weight and fat loss. Twenty-eight men and women (aged 19-42) were assigned to 1 of the following 4 groups: Tae Kwon Do experienced and trained men (ME), Tae Kwon Do experienced and trained women (FE), novice Tae Kwon Do men (MN), and novice Tae Kwon Do women (FN). The results of this investigation indicate that this form of exercise can be performed for an extended period of 20 minutes.