Shortened Relative Leukocyte Telomere Length Is Associated With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Metabolic Traits.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the commonest gyneco-endocrine disorders amongst women of reproductive age. Whether PCOS and cardiometabolic traits in PCOS patients are associated with shortened telomere length (TL) or relative leukocyte telomere length (rLTL) remains unclear.

Methods: 214 women with PCOS and 214 age-matched women were recruited.

The Transatlantic Recommendations for Prostate Gland Evaluation with Magnetic Resonance Imaging After Focal Therapy (TARGET): A Systematic Review and International Consensus Recommendations.

Background And Objective: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can detect recurrences after focal therapy for prostate cancer but there is no robust guidance regarding its use. Our objective was to produce consensus recommendations on MRI acquisition, interpretation, and reporting after focal therapy.

Methods: A systematic review was performed in July 2022 to develop consensus statements.

Lessons and Applications of Omics Research in Diabetes Epidemiology.

Purpose Of Review: Recent advances in genomic technology and molecular techniques have greatly facilitated the identification of disease biomarkers, advanced understanding of pathogenesis of different common diseases, and heralded the dawn of precision medicine. Much of these advances in the area of diabetes have been made possible through deep phenotyping of epidemiological cohorts, and analysis of the different omics data in relation to detailed clinical information. In this review, we aim to provide an overview on how omics research could be incorporated into the design of current and future epidemiological studies.

Diagnostic Performance of Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT Versus Multiparametric MRI for Detection of Intraprostatic Radiorecurrent Prostate Cancer.

For men with prostate cancer who develop biochemical failure after radiotherapy, European guidelines recommend reimaging with Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT and multiparametric MRI (mpMRI). However, the accuracy of Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT for detecting intraprostatic recurrences is unclear, both with and without mpMRI. A single-center retrospective study of a series of patients investigated for radiorecurrence between 2016 and 2022 is described.

Bench to Bedside Development of [F]Fluoromethyl-(1,2-H)choline ([F]D4-FCH).

Malignant transformation is characterised by aberrant phospholipid metabolism of cancers, associated with the upregulation of choline kinase alpha (CHKα). Due to the metabolic instability of choline radiotracers and the increasing use of late-imaging protocols, we developed a more stable choline radiotracer, [F]fluoromethyl-[1,2-H]choline ([F]D4-FCH). [F]D4-FCH has improved protection against choline oxidase, the key choline catabolic enzyme, via a H/D isotope effect, together with fluorine substitution.

Discontinuation of Car Seat Tolerance Screening and Postdischarge Adverse Outcomes in Infants Born Preterm.

Objective: To study the association between discontinuing predischarge car seat tolerance screening (CSTS) with 30-day postdischarge adverse outcomes in infants born preterm.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study involving all infants born preterm from 2010 through 2021 who survived to discharge to home in a 14-hospital integrated health care system. The exposure was discontinuation of CSTS.

An Evaluation of Screening Pathways Using a Combination of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Prostate-specific Antigen: Results from the IP1-PROSTAGRAM Study.

Background: The use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing to screen for prostate cancer has been fraught with under- and overdiagnosis. Short, noncontrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) might detect more grade group ≥2 cancers with similar rates of biopsy.

Objective: To evaluate strategies that combined PSA and MRI to select men based in the community for a prostate biopsy.

Perceived patient burden and acceptability of MRI in comparison to PSA and ultrasound: results from the IP1-PROSTAGRAM study.

Background: The IP1-PROSTAGRAM study showed that a short, non-contrast MRI detected more significant cancers with similar rates of biopsy compared to PSA. Herein, we compare the expected and perceived burden of PSA, MRI and ultrasound as screening tests.

Methods: IP1-PROSTAGRAM was a prospective, population-based, paired screening study of 408 men conducted at seven UK primary care practices and two imaging centres.

Predicting the Need for Biopsy to Detect Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer in Patients with a Magnetic Resonance Imaging-detected Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System/Likert ≥3 Lesion: Development and Multinational External Validation of the Imperial Rapid Access to Prostate Imaging and Diagnosis Risk Score.

Background: Although multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has high sensitivity, its lower specificity leads to a high prevalence of false-positive lesions requiring biopsy.

Objective: To develop and externally validate a scoring system for MRI-detected Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PIRADS)/Likert ≥3 lesions containing clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa).

Design, Setting, And Participants: The multicentre Rapid Access to Prostate Imaging and Diagnosis (RAPID) pathway included 1189 patients referred to urology due to elevated age-specific prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and/or abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE); April 27, 2017 to October 25, 2019.

Direct mail from primary care and targeted recruitment strategies achieved a representative uptake of prostate cancer screening.

Background And Objectives: Prostate cancer screening studies has previously not been able to reflect a diverse group of participants. We evaluated a range of recruitment strategies and their ability to recruit from the Black population and areas of deprivation.

Methods: IP1-PROSTAGRAM was a prospective, population-based, paired screening study of 408 participants conducted at seven UK primary care practices and two imaging centres.

Population-Based Prostate Cancer Screening With Magnetic Resonance Imaging or Ultrasonography: The IP1-PROSTAGRAM Study.

Importance: Screening for prostate cancer using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing can lead to problems of underdiagnosis and overdiagnosis. Short, noncontrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or transrectal ultrasonography might overcome these limitations.

Objective: To compare the performance of PSA testing, MRI, and ultrasonography as screening tests for prostate cancer.

Optimal method for metabolic tumour volume assessment of cervical cancers with inter-observer agreement on [18F]-fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography.

Purpose: Cervical cancer metabolic tumour volume (MTV) derived from [18F]-FDG PET/CT has a role in prognostication and therapy planning. There is no standard method of outlining MTV on [18F]-FDG PET/CT. The aim of this study was to assess the optimal method to outline primary cervical tumours on [18F]-FDG PET/CT using MRI-derived tumour volumes as the reference standard.

A Comparison of Prostate Cancer Detection between Visual Estimation (Cognitive Registration) and Image Fusion (Software Registration) Targeted Transperineal Prostate Biopsy.

Purpose: We compared clinically significant prostate cancer detection by visual estimation and image fusion targeted transperineal prostate biopsy.

Materials And Methods: This multicenter study included patients with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging lesions undergoing visual estimation or image fusion targeted transperineal biopsy (April 2017-March 2020). Propensity score matching was performed using demographics (age and ethnicity), clinical features (prostate specific antigen, prostate volume, prostate specific antigen density and digital rectal examination), multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging variables (number of lesions, PI-RADS® score, index lesion diameter, whether the lesion was diffuse and radiological T stage) and biopsy factors (number of cores, operator experience and anesthetic type).

Use of Imaging to Optimise Prostate Cancer Tumour Volume Assessment for Focal Therapy Planning.

Purpose Of Review: Rapid advances in imaging of the prostate have facilitated the development of focal therapy and provided a non-invasive method of estimating tumour volume. Focal therapy relies on an accurate estimate of tumour volume for patient selection and treatment planning so that the optimal energy dose can be delivered to the target area(s) of the prostate while minimising toxicity to surrounding structures. This review provides an overview of different imaging modalities which may be used to optimise tumour volume assessment and critically evaluates the published evidence for each modality.

Rethinking prostate cancer screening: could MRI be an alternative screening test?

In the past decade rigorous debate has taken place about population-based screening for prostate cancer. Although screening by serum PSA levels can reduce prostate cancer-specific mortality, it is unclear whether the benefits outweigh the risks of false-positive results and overdiagnosis of insignificant prostate cancer, and it is not recommended for population-based screening. MRI screening for prostate cancer has the potential to be analogous to mammography for breast cancer or low-dose CT for lung cancer.

Regression of Atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- Mice Via Modulation of Monocyte Recruitment and Phenotype, Induced by Weekly Dosing of a Novel "Cytotopic" Anti-Thrombin Without Prolonged Anticoagulation.

Background Anticoagulants induce atherosclerosis regression in animal models but exploiting this clinically is limited by bleeding events. Here we test a novel thrombin inhibitor, PTL060, comprising hirulog covalently linked to a synthetic myristoyl electrostatic switch to tether to cell membranes. Methods and Results ApoE-/- mice were fed chow or high-fat diets, before transplantation of congenic aortic segments or injection of PTL060, parental hirulog, control saline, or labeled CD11b positive cells.

Likert vs PI-RADS v2: a comparison of two radiological scoring systems for detection of clinically significant prostate cancer.

Objective: To compare the clinical validity and utility of Likert assessment and the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) v2 in the detection of clinically significant and insignificant prostate cancer.

Patients And Methods: A total of 489 pre-biopsy multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) scans in consecutive patients were subject to prospective paired reporting using both Likert and PI-RADS v2 by expert uro-radiologists. Patients were offered biopsy for any Likert or PI-RADS score ≥4 or a score of 3 with PSA density ≥0.

A prospective analysis of robotic targeted MRI-US fusion prostate biopsy using the centroid targeting approach.

Robotic prostate biopsy is an emerging technology. Recent development of this tool has allowed the performance of a transperineal prostate biopsy allowing pre-programmed standardized biopsy schemes. Prospective data collection was undertaken in 86 consecutive men who underwent robotically assisted transperineal prostate biopsy.

Prostate imaging features that indicate benign or malignant pathology on biopsy.

Accurate diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer is essential in identifying patients who should be offered treatment with curative intent. Modifications to the Gleason grading system in recent years show that accurate grading and reporting at needle biopsy can improve identification of clinically significant prostate cancers. Extracapsular extension of prostate cancer has been demonstrated to be an adverse prognostic factor with greater risk of metastatic spread than organ-confined disease.

Discovery of pre-therapy 2-deoxy-2-F-fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography-based radiomics classifiers of survival outcome in non-small-cell lung cancer patients.

Purpose: The aim of this multi-center study was to discover and validate radiomics classifiers as image-derived biomarkers for risk stratification of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Patients And Methods: Pre-therapy PET scans from a total of 358 Stage I-III NSCLC patients scheduled for radiotherapy/chemo-radiotherapy acquired between October 2008 and December 2013 were included in this seven-institution study. A semi-automatic threshold method was used to segment the primary tumors.