Gene and pathway based burden analyses in familial lymphoid cancer cases: Rare variants in immune pathway genes.

Genome-wide association studies have revealed common genetic variants with small effect sizes associated with diverse lymphoid cancers. Family studies have uncovered rare variants with high effect sizes. However, these variants explain only a portion of the heritability of these cancers.

Variation in cancer risk among families with genetic susceptibility.

Germline mutations in many genes have been shown to increase the risk of developing cancer. This risk can vary across families who carry mutations in the same gene due to differences in the specific variants, gene-gene interactions, other susceptibility mutations, environmental factors, and behavioral factors. We develop an analytic tool to explore this heterogeneity using family history data.

Preferences for breast cancer prevention among women with a or mutation.

Background: Women with a or mutation have high lifetime risks of developing breast and ovarian cancer. The decision to embark on risk reduction strategies is a difficult and personal one. We surveyed an international group of women with mutations and measured choices and sequence of breast cancer risk reduction strategies.

Predictors of long-term cancer-related distress among female BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers without a cancer diagnosis: an international analysis.

Background: Women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation have high lifetime risks of developing breast and ovarian cancers. We sought to estimate the prevalence of cancer-related distress and to identify predictors of distress in an international sample of unaffected women with a BRCA mutation.

Methods: Women with a BRCA1/2 mutation and no previous cancer diagnosis were recruited from the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia and from a national advocacy group.

Variants of DNA mismatch repair genes derived from 33,998 Chinese individuals with and without cancer reveal their highly ethnic-specific nature.

Purpose: DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes play important roles in maintaining genome stability. Mutations in MMR genes disrupt their mismatch repair function, cause genome instability and lead to increased risk of cancer in the mutation carriers as represented by Lynch Syndrome. Studies have identified a large number of MMR variants, mostly in the Caucasian population, whereas data from non-Caucasian populations remain poorly illustrated.

Does preventive oophorectomy increase the risk of depression in BRCA mutation carriers?

Objective: BRCA mutation carriers are advised to undergo bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy to prevent ovarian cancer. The abrupt hormonal withdrawal associated with early surgical menopause has been shown to increase the risk of depression and anxiety among women in the general population. The impact in women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation is not known.

Methylated plasma test for colorectal cancer detection may be applicable to Lynch syndrome.

Objective: The plasma-based methylated (mSEPT9) is a colorectal cancer (CRC) screening test for adults aged 50-75 years who are at average risk for CRC and have refused colonoscopy or faecal-based screening tests. The applicability of mSEPT9 for high-risk persons with Lynch syndrome (LS), the most common hereditary CRC condition, has not been assessed. This study sought preliminary evidence for the utility of mSEPT9 for CRC detection in LS.

The benefits of a model of interval comprehensive assessments (MICA) in hereditary cancer Syndromes: Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) as an example.

A high percentage of individuals at risk for hereditary cancer syndromes are unaware of their risk. This is especially detrimental in syndromes such as hereditary diffuse gastric cancer due to a CDH1 germline mutation, for which lifesaving prevention is possible. Surveillance for diffuse gastric cancer in the syndrome is limited, hence the recommendation for prophylactic total gastrectomy for mutation carriers.

International trends in the uptake of cancer risk reduction strategies in women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation.

Background: Women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation face high risks of breast and ovarian cancer. In the current study, we report on uptake of cancer screening and risk-reduction options in a cohort of BRCA mutation carriers from ten countries over two time periods (1995 to 2008 and 2009 to 2017).

Methods: Eligible subjects were identified from an international database of female BRCA mutation carriers and included women from 59 centres from ten countries.

Analysis of the Gene in FAMMM Syndrome Families Reveals Early Age of Onset for Additional Syndromic Cancers.

Familial atypical multiple mole melanoma (FAMMM) syndrome is a hereditary cancer syndrome that results from mutations in several genes, including the gene. In addition to melanoma, certain other malignancies such as pancreatic cancer are known to occur more frequently in family members who carry the mutation. However, as these families have been followed over time, additional cancers have been observed in both carriers and noncarriers.

Oophorectomy and risk of contralateral breast cancer among BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers.

Purpose: Following a diagnosis of breast cancer, BRCA mutation carriers face an increased risk of developing a second (contralateral) cancer in the unaffected breast. It is important to identify predictors of contralateral cancer in order to make informed decisions about bilateral mastectomy. The impact of bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (i.

Oestrogen receptor status and survival in women with BRCA2-associated breast cancer.

Background: To evaluate the predictors of mortality, including ER status, in women with a BRCA2 mutation and breast cancer.

Methods: Eligible participants were identified from within two longitudinal cohorts. These patients were selected because they were diagnosed with breast cancer between 1975 and 2015 and carried a BRCA2 mutation.

Common genetic variants contribute to incomplete penetrance: evidence from cancer-free BRCA1 mutation carriers.

Purpose: The presence of pathogenic germline mutation in BRCA1 gene is considered as the most penetrant genetic predisposition for breast cancer. However, a portion of BRCA1 mutation carriers never develops breast cancer throughout their lifetime. This phenomenon is called incomplete penetrance.

Age-specific ovarian cancer risks among women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation.

Objectives: For women at high risk of developing ovarian cancer, it is important to provide an accurate recommendation for the optimal age for preventive surgery in order to maximize the preventative effect while delaying symptoms associated with early surgical menopause. The goal of the current study was to estimate age-specific incidence rates of ovarian cancer among women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation.

Methods: From our international registry, we identified 5689 women with no previous diagnosis of ovarian or fallopian tube cancer or preventive oophorectomy.

Age at first full-term birth and breast cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers.

Purpose: In the general population, an early age at first full-term birth confers protection against the risk of developing breast cancer. The relationship between age at first birth and breast cancer risk is not clear for women with a mutation in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene. Thus, we undertook a case-control study of women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation to study the effects of age at first full-term birth matched for other reproductive factors.

Hormone Replacement Therapy After Oophorectomy and Breast Cancer Risk Among BRCA1 Mutation Carriers.

Importance: Prophylactic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is recommended for BRCA1 mutation carriers to prevent ovarian cancer. Whether or not hormone replacement therapy (HRT) initiated after oophorectomy is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer has not been evaluated in a prospective study.

Objective: To determine the association between HRT use and BRCA1-associated breast cancer.

Germline Lysine-Specific Demethylase 1 () Mutations Confer Susceptibility to Multiple Myeloma.

Given the frequent and largely incurable occurrence of multiple myeloma, identification of germline genetic mutations that predispose cells to multiple myeloma may provide insight into disease etiology and the developmental mechanisms of its cell of origin, the plasma cell (PC). Here, we identified familial and early-onset multiple myeloma kindreds with truncating mutations in lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A), an epigenetic transcriptional repressor that primarily demethylates histone H3 on lysine 4 and regulates hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal. In addition, we found higher rates of germline truncating and predicted deleterious missense KDM1A mutations in patients with multiple myeloma unselected for family history compared with controls.

Prospective evaluation of body size and breast cancer risk among BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers.

Background: Although evidence suggests that larger body size in early life confers lifelong protection from developing breast cancer, few studies have investigated the relationship between body size and breast cancer risk among BRCA mutation carriers. Therefore, we conducted a prospective evaluation of body size and the risk of breast cancer among BRCA mutation carriers.

Methods: Current height and body mass index (BMI) at age 18 were determined from baseline questionnaires.

Physical activity during adolescence and young adulthood and the risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers.

Background: Physical activity is inversely associated with the risk of breast cancer among women in the general population. It is not clear whether or not physical activity is associated with the risk of BRCA-associated breast cancer.

Methods: We conducted a case-control study of 443 matched pairs of BRCA mutation carriers to evaluate the association between physical activity and breast cancer risk.

The association between smoking and cancer incidence in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers.

Tobacco smoke is an established carcinogen, but the association between tobacco smoking and cancer risk in BRCA mutation carriers is not clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate prospectively the association between tobacco smoking and cancer incidence in a cohort of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. The study population consisted of unaffected BRCA mutation carriers.

Efficacy of proximal colectomy for surgical management of right-sided first colorectal cancer in Lynch Syndrome mutation carriers.

Background: This study analyzes the occurrence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Lynch syndrome (LS) mutation carriers, interval until diagnosis of metachronous CRC, and survival after proximal colectomy (PC) compared with total (TC) and subtotal colectomy (STC) for right-sided first CRC in LS mutation carriers.

Methods: Sixty-four LS mutation carriers with right-sided first CRC treated with PC or TC + STC were confirmed by clinical records. Bivariate analyses were examined for significance and life tables were generated for risk of metachronous CRC and survival estimates following surgery.

Curcumin: An age-old anti-inflammatory and anti-neoplastic agent.

Curcumin is a natural anti-inflammatory agent that has been used for treating medical conditions for many years. Several experimental and pharmacologic trials have demonstrated its efficacy in the role as an anti-inflammatory agent. Curcumin has been shown to be effective in treating chronic conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, Alzheimer's and common malignancies like colon, stomach, lung, breast, and skin cancers.