Insulin acutely activates metabolism of primary human monocytes and promotes a proinflammatory phenotype.

Increased glycolysis is a metabolic trait of activated innate immune cells and supports functional changes including cytokine production. Insulin drives glycolysis in nonimmune cells, yet its metabolic effects on human innate immune cells remain unexplored. Potential effects of insulin on immune cell metabolism may occur acutely after a postprandial increase in plasma insulin levels or as a consequence of chronically elevated insulin levels as observed in obese insulin-resistant individuals and patients with diabetes.

Continuous glucose monitoring during diabetic pregnancy (GlucoMOMS): A multicentre randomized controlled trial.

Aim: Diabetes is associated with a high risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Optimal glycaemic control is fundamental and is traditionally monitored with self-measured glucose profiles and periodic HbA1c measurements. We investigated the effectiveness of additional use of retrospective continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in diabetic pregnancies.

Web-based cognitive behavioural therapy blended with face-to-face sessions for chronic fatigue in type 1 diabetes: a multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Background: Fatigue in type 1 diabetes is prevalent and persistent, but so far, no evidence-based treatments are available. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) in reducing fatigue severity in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: We did a multicentre randomised controlled trial at one university medical centre and four large teaching hospitals in the Netherlands.

IL-37 protects against obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance.

Cytokines of the IL-1 family are important modulators of obesity-induced inflammation and the development of systemic insulin resistance. Here we show that IL-1 family member IL-37, recently characterized as an anti-inflammatory cytokine, ameliorates obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. Mice transgenic for human IL-37 (IL-37tg) exhibit reduced numbers of adipose tissue macrophages, increased circulating levels of adiponectin and preserved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity after 16 weeks of HFD.

Diabetes-related distress, insulin dose, and age contribute to insulin-associated weight gain in patients with type 2 diabetes: results of a prospective study.

Objective: The determinants of insulin-associated weight gain in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are partly unknown. Therefore, we conducted a prospective study to identify predictors of insulin-associated weight gain.

Research Design And Methods: In patients with T2DM, we assessed physical activity by accelerometry and measured diabetes-related distress by questionnaires before and 6 and 12 months after starting insulin therapy.

Liraglutide reverses pronounced insulin-associated weight gain, improves glycaemic control and decreases insulin dose in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 26 week, randomised clinical trial (ELEGANT).

Aims/hypothesis: The best treatment strategy for a patient with type 2 diabetes who shows pronounced weight gain after the introduction of insulin treatment is unclear. We determined whether addition of a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue could reverse pronounced insulin-associated weight gain while maintaining glycaemic control, and compared this with the most practised strategy, continuation and intensification of standard insulin therapy.

Methods: In a 26-week, randomised controlled trial (ELEGANT), conducted in the outpatient departments of one academic and one large non-academic teaching hospital in the Netherlands, adult patients with type 2 diabetes with ≥ 4% weight gain during short-term (≤ 16 months) insulin therapy received either open-label addition of liraglutide 1.

Liver fat content is linked to inflammatory changes in subcutaneous adipose tissue in type 2 diabetes patients.

Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are typically overweight and have an increased liver fat content (LFAT). High LFAT may be explained by an increased efflux of free fatty acids from the adipose tissue, which is partly instigated by inflammatory changes. This would imply an association between inflammatory features of the adipose tissue and liver fat content.

Alternative splicing may contribute to time-dependent manifestation of inherited erythromelalgia.

The Na(v)1.7 sodium channel is preferentially expressed in nocioceptive dorsal root ganglion and sympathetic ganglion neurons. Gain-of-function mutations in Na(v)1.