Rosai-Dorfman disease extending to the brain.

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a sporadic idiopathic sinus histiocytosis plausibly reactive in nature and well responsive to pharmacological and surgical treatment. Though it can affect almost any organ system, involvement of the nervous system is exceedingly rare. When it does affect the brain, spinal cord, and meninges, it could have profound clinical presentations.

Multiple Intracranial Rosai-Dorfman Disease: A Case Report.

Rosai-Dorfman disease is an uncommon lymphoproliferative disorder, and multiple intracranial involvement in disseminated disease is exceedingly rare. We present a case of a 52 year-old female who presented with intractable headaches and a history of Rosai-Dorfman disease unresponsive to chemo- and radiation therapies. She was found to have new multiple intracranial masses that were treated with surgical excision.

A Mobile App to Screen for Neurocognitive Impairment: Preliminary Validation of NeuroScreen Among HIV-Infected South African Adults.

Background: Neurocognitive impairment (NCI) is one of the most common complications of HIV infection, and has serious medical and functional consequences. South Africa has 7 million people living with HIV (PLHIV) with up to three-quarters of antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve individuals having NCI. South Africa's health system struggles to meet the care needs of its millions of PLHIV; screening for NCI is typically neglected due to limited clinical staff trained to administer, score, and interpret neuropsychological tests, as well as long test batteries and limited screening tools for South African populations.

Invasive gastric mucormycosis: A case report of a deadly complication in an immunocompromised patient after penetrating trauma.

• Gastrointestinal Mucormycosis after penetrating abdominal trauma. • Presented post-operatively as a gastropleural fistula. • Disease progresses rapidly and potentially fatal.

Management of an unusual, recurrent neurenteric cyst in an infant: case report and review of the literature.

Purpose: Neurenteric cysts are rare congenital remnants formed by a failure of separation between endoderm and ectoderm in utero.

Methods: We describe a case of a 7-month-old male with a large cervical neurenteric cyst presenting with intermittent neck stiffness and irritability.

Results: This cyst was resected, recurred, and required repeat surgery.

Effects of ethanol on pulmonary inflammation in postburn intratracheal infection.

Infectious complications are a major cause of mortality in trauma patients. Burn patients with prior ethanol exposure have a worse prognosis than those who sustain injury but had not been drinking. We examined pulmonary infection and lung pathology in mice given ethanol (1.

Intraventricular schwannoma in a 15-year-old adolescent: a case report.

Introduction: Schwannomas are benign tumors that originate from the myelin-forming Schwann cells of peripheral nerves or at the Obersteiner-Redlich zone of the vestibular division of the eighth cranial nerve. Intraventricular schwannomas are rare, particularly among children.

Discussion: This case report illustrates a right occipital horn schwannoma in a 15-year-old adolescent boy who was successfully treated with surgical resection and discusses the possible origins of the tumor in this unique location.

Identification of patients with low-risk for aneuploidy: comparative discriminatory models using linear and machine-learning classifiers in prostate cancer.

Background: Prostate needle biopsy (PNB) ploidy status has proven utility to predict adverse outcomes after prostatectomy. We sought to develop models to predict ploidy status using clinicopathologic variables.

Methods: We identified a cohort of 169 patients with a diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma on PNB, and estimated ploidy status (determined using Feulgen stained biopsy tissue) using four predictors, including age, prebiopsy PSA, highest Gleason score (GS), and the percentage of involvement by carcinoma at the biopsy site with the highest GS (PCARBX).

The pathogenesis of craniopharyngiomas.

Objective: The objective of the study is to review the pathogenesis of craniopharyngiomas.

Methods: A literature review of articles relating to the embryogenesis of the pituitary gland and sella and the pathogenesis of craniopharyngiomas was performed.

Conclusions: Craniopharyngiomas are benign, epithelial neoplasms of the sella and parasellar region seen in children and adults that may arise from neoplastic transformation of ectoderm-derived epithelial cell remnants of Rathke's pouch and the craniopharyngeal duct.

Efficacy of manual dissection of lymph nodes in colon cancer resections.

The adequacy of lymph node dissection of colonic resection specimens influences the clinical and pathologic staging, leading to important postsurgical treatment decisions. Although manual lymph node dissection is the current standard at most institutions, recent statistical studies indicate that all lymph nodes, including those measuring 1-2 mm, should be recovered to be assured of lymph node negative status. Thus, we tested the efficacy of gross dissection by submitting the entire residual mesenteric fat.

Orbital hemangioblastoma arising in a rectus muscle.

We describe the clinical and histologic features of the first case, to our knowledge, of hemangioblastoma of the orbit arising from an extraocular muscle. We examined a 73-year-old woman with conjunctival injection, 2 mm of proptosis, and limitation of abduction of the right eye. A medial-lateral orbitotomy was used to approach the medial rectus enlargement noted on orbital imaging.

Radiosensitive orbital inflammation associated with temporal arteritis.

A 75-year-old woman developed acute loss of vision in the OD, ipsilateral periocular pain, an afferent pupillary defect, sectoral optic disc edema, and later ipsilateral proptosis and an intraconal mass. She denied any symptoms of temporal arteritis, and a sedimentation rate was normal. Orbital biopsy demonstrated chronic granulomatous inflammation with perivasculitis.

Molecular characterization of human meningiomas by gene expression profiling using high-density oligonucleotide microarrays.

Meningiomas are common central nervous system neoplasms that exhibit remarkably diverse histopathology and biological behavior. Compared to astrocytomas, the most common central nervous system tumor, little is known about the molecular pathways critical for meningioma tumor formation and malignant progression. As an initial step toward characterizing the genetic basis of meningioma pathogenesis, we assessed cancer-related gene expression profiles of nonneoplastic leptomeningeal specimens and human meningiomas of varying World Health Organization (WHO) grade using high-density oligonucleotide microarrays.

Utility of intraoperative consultation touch preparations.

Although intraoperative touch preparations (TPs) often are performed in conjunction with frozen sections, the comfort level of using TPs in actual practice and the effect of TP quality and cytologic experience on diagnostic accuracy have not been measured. To investigate the utility of intraoperative TPs and to compare them with that of frozen sections, five pathologists of differing levels of cytologic experience retrospectively reviewed 122 intraoperative TPs and frozen sections. Accuracy rates for individual pathologists were calculated and the accuracy using TPs was compared to that of frozen sections.

Clinicopathologic evaluation of the Mueller muscle in thyroid-associated orbitopathy.

Purpose: To study the histopathologic features of the Mueller muscle in chronic eyelid retraction caused by thyroid-associated orbitopathy. To investigate if the degree of eyelid retraction correlates with any histopathologic finding.

Methods: A prospective case series of 23 consecutive patients with thyroid-associated orbitopathy was studied.

Force Modulation Elasticity Mapping of Plastic-embedded, Thin-sectioned Skeletal Muscle.

We have been researching the capability of atomic force microscopy to reveal nontopographic properties of tissue embedded in plastic and sectioned with standard electron microscopic techniques. We present topography and elasticity maps of plastic-embedded, thin sections of muscle tissue. The images show topography correlated with the normal repeating structure of the sarcomere.