Pharmacotherapeutic potential of malvidin to cure imidacloprid induced hepatotoxicity via regulating PI3K/AKT, Nrf-2/Keap-1 and NF-κB pathway.

Imidacloprid (IMI) is one of the top-notch insecticides that adversely affects the body organs including the liver. Malvidin (MAL) is a natural flavonoid which exhibits a wide range of pharmacological properties. This research was designed to evaluate the protective ability of MAL to counteract IMI instigated liver toxicity in rats.

Therapeutic potential of salvigenin to combat atrazine induced liver toxicity in rats via regulating Nrf-2/Keap-1 and NF-κB pathway.

Atrazine (ATR) is the second most extensively used herbicide which adversely affects the body organs including liver. Salvigenin (SGN) is a flavonoid which demonstrates a wide range of biological and pharmacological abilities. This study was planned to assess the protective ability of SGN to avert ATR induced liver damage in rats.

Anatomical Distribution of Ochronotic Pigment in Alkaptonuric Mice is Associated with Calcified Cartilage Chondrocytes at Osteochondral Interfaces.

Alkaptonuria (AKU) is characterised by increased circulating homogentisic acid and deposition of ochronotic pigment in collagen-rich connective tissues (ochronosis), stiffening the tissue. This process over many years leads to a painful and severe osteoarthropathy, particularly affecting the cartilage of the spine and large weight bearing joints. Evidence in human AKU tissue suggests that pigment binds to collagen.

Dedifferentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma with trophoblastic components: Prolonged remission after treatment with bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin.

Dedifferentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma (DEAC) with trophoblastic components is a rare neoplasm with an aggressive behavior and a poor prognosis. Only seven cases have been reported in the literature. We present a 61-year-old patient who was diagnosed with Stage IB dedifferentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma with trophoblastic elements.

The impact of tumor size in breast needle biopsy material on final pathologic size and tumor stage: a detailed analysis of 222 consecutive cases.

Tumor size is a significant prognostic indicator for invasive mammary carcinoma. By current standards, this is routinely reported during pathologic evaluation of the definitive excision, but no recommendations exist for reporting tumor size in needle biopsy material. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between tumor size on breast needle biopsy specimens and that on subsequent definitive excision specimens and to evaluate the impact of the former, if any, in determining the final pathologic tumor stage.

Portopulmonary hypertension secondary to congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt with heterotaxy and polysplenia: a cause of sudden death in an infant.

Congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (CEPS) is associated with polysplenia and heterotaxy and can cause portopulmonary hypertension. We report a 12-month-old girl who acutely died likely due to portopulmonary hypertension secondary to CEPS associated with heterotaxy and polysplenia. A retrospective radiographic review following her autopsy identified an anatomical explanation for the acute death in an infant.

Clinical, histopathologic, and radiographic indicators of malignancy in head and neck paragangliomas.

Objective: The goal of this study is to review our series of head and neck paragangliomas to identify factors that may help in predicting malignancy.

Study Design: Case series with chart review.

Setting: Academic medical center.

Rapid quantitation of hemoglobin S in sickle cell patients using the Variant II Turbo analyzer.

A rapid ( approximately 90 sec), fully automated method is described for quantifying hemoglobin S (HbS) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using the Bio-Rad Variant II Turbo analyzer. Although this instrument is designed to quantify only blood hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), we show that it can also quantify accurately, without modification, HbS levels in sickle cell patients, provided the blood samples meet certain conditions. The samples should contain detectable hemoglobin F (HbF), but should not contain hemoglobin C (HbC).

Impact of the heroin 'drought' on patterns of drug use and drug-related harms.

Since late 2000, anecdotal reports from drug users and health professionals have suggested that there was a reduction in the supply of heroin in Adelaide in the first half of 2001, referred to as a heroin 'drought'. The aim of this paper was to critically review evidence for this, using data obtained from 100 injecting drug users surveyed for the 2001 Illicit Drug Reporting System (IDRS). This project is carried out annually in all Australian jurisdictions, and collects up-to-date information on the markets for heroin, methamphetamine, cocaine and cannabis.

The health effects of ecstasy: a literature review.

Ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, MDMA) is the third most used illicit drug, after cannabis and amphetamines. There has been considerable interest in the adverse effects of use, with particular attention given to a small number of deaths related to ecstasy use, and the neurotoxic effects of MDMA. This paper reviews case reports of adverse effects attributed to ecstasy use, and the findings of animal and human studies, so as to identify the health effects of ecstasy use, and factors contributing to their occurrence.

Evaluation of patient partners in the teaching of the musculoskeletal examination.

Objective: To evaluate student preferences and examination outcomes of 2 different methods of teaching musculoskeletal (MSK) medicine examination techniques.

Methods: Year 2 students in a 4 year graduate medical school were randomized to 3 teaching groups: students in Group 1 were taught by rheumatology fellows, Group 2 by patient partners, while group 3 were randomly allocated to either patient partner (3A) or rheumatology trainee (3B) teaching. All students were debriefed at the end of each teaching block of 4 weeks for feedback on their teaching experience using a standardized questionnaire.