How We Review a Medical Education Research Manuscript.

Peer review is a necessary and important component of scholarly publication. When done well, it benefits both the reviewer and authors and improves the science itself. However, the skills of effective peer review are rarely taught.

Miles to Go Before We Sleep. Reforming the Pulmonary and Critical Care Milestones to Improve Trainee Assessment.

The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Milestones are a systematic assessment framework for medical trainees within the six core competencies of practice. Their use by internal medicine subspecialties, including semiannual reports to the ACGME, was mandated beginning in 2014. The Milestones, which were based on specific, observable behaviors, improved upon the prior subjective, global comparisons of each fellow with an "average" fellow in his or her field and served the goals of competency-based medical education.

Implementation of a Comprehensive Curriculum in Personal Finance for Medical Fellows.

Introduction: Many residents and fellows complete graduate medical education having received minimal unbiased financial planning guidance. This places them at risk of making ill-informed financial decisions, which may lead to significant harm to them and their families. Therefore, we sought to provide fellows with comprehensive unbiased financial education and empower them to make timely, constructive financial decisions.

Interventional Pulmonology Fellowship Accreditation Standards: Executive Summary of the Multisociety Interventional Pulmonology Fellowship Accreditation Committee.

Interventional pulmonology (IP) is a rapidly evolving subspecialty of pulmonary medicine. In the last 10 years, formal IP fellowships have increased substantially in number from five to now > 30. The vast majority of IP fellowship trainees are selected through the National Resident Matching Program, and validated in-service and certification examinations for IP exist.

A Longitudinal Regional Educational Model for Pulmonary and Critical Care Fellows Emphasizing Small Group- and Simulation-based Learning.

Recent trends have necessitated a renewed focus on how we deliver formal didactic and simulation experiences to pulmonary and critical care medicine (PCCM) fellows. To address the changing demands of training PCCM fellows, as well as the variability in the clinical training, fund of knowledge, and procedural competence of incoming fellows, we designed a PCCM curriculum that is delivered regionally in the Baltimore/Washington, DC area in the summer and winter. The educational curriculum began in 2008 as a collaboration between the Critical Care Medicine Department at the National Institutes of Health and the Pulmonary and Critical Care Section of the Department of Medicine at MedStar Washington Hospital Center and now includes 13 individual training programs in PCCM, critical care medicine, and pulmonary diseases in Baltimore and Washington, DC.

Practical strategies for effective lectures.

Lecturing is an essential teaching skill for scientists and health care professionals in pulmonary, critical care, and sleep medicine. However, few medical or scientific educators have received training in contemporary techniques or technology for large audience presentation. Interactive lecturing outperforms traditional, passive-style lecturing in educational outcomes, and is being increasingly incorporated into large group presentations.

Entrustable professional activities and curricular milestones for fellowship training in pulmonary and critical care medicine: executive summary from the Multi-Society Working Group.

Assessment of graduate medical trainee progress via the accomplishment of competency milestones is an important element of the Next Accreditation System of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. This article summarizes the findings of a multisociety working group that was tasked with creating the entrustable professional activities and curricular milestones for fellowship training in pulmonary medicine, critical care medicine, and combined programs. Using the Delphi process, experienced medical educators from the American College of Chest Physicians, American Thoracic Society, Society of Critical Care Medicine, and Association of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Program Directors reached consensus on the detailed curricular content and expected skill set of graduates of these programs.

Entrustable professional activities and curricular milestones for fellowship training in pulmonary and critical care medicine: report of a multisociety working group.

This article describes the curricular milestones and entrustable professional activities for trainees in pulmonary, critical care, or combined fellowship programs. Under the Next Accreditation System of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), curricular milestones compose the curriculum or learning objectives for training in these fields. Entrustable professional activities represent the outcomes of training, the activities that society and professional peers can expect fellowship graduates to be able to perform unsupervised.

Monitoring of oesophageal pressure.

Purpose Of Review: Studies in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have been unable to demonstrate a survival advantage with higher levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) to open atelectatic lung regions or prevent their cyclic collapse. This review will discuss the challenges of accurately measuring pleural pressure with balloon-tipped catheters in the oesophagus, and the utility of such pressure monitoring to set PEEP and assess lung mechanics, focusing on patients with ARDS.

Recent Findings: Recent investigations have suggested that the monitoring of oesophageal pressure in ARDS patients may help individualize PEEP settings to optimize lung recruitment based on transpulmonary pressure.

Undergraduate medical education in critical care.

Objective: To review the current status of critical care education of medical students, focusing on how early, vigorous undergraduate training may address the needs of the learners and society.

Data Sources: Literature review of focused PubMed searches, online databases, and reference lists of recent publications.

Results: Although management of unstable and critically ill patients is required of most interns, undergraduate education in these skills remains largely elective, scattered, and highly variable.

Parameters of donor-recipient size mismatch and survival after bilateral lung transplantation.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between donor-recipient height, gender and predicted estimates of total lung capacity (pTLC) mismatches and post-transplant survival.

Methods: The lung transplant databases at three programs were reviewed. The pTLC ratios (donor pTLC/recipient pTLC) and height ratios (donor height/recipient height) were calculated retrospectively.

Lung transplantation and lung volume reduction surgery.

Since the publication of the last edition of the Handbook of Physiology, lung transplantation has become widely available, via specialized centers, for a variety of end-stage lung diseases. Lung volume reduction surgery, a procedure for emphysema first conceptualized in the 1950s, electrified the pulmonary medicine community when it was rediscovered in the 1990s. In parallel with their technical and clinical refinement, extensive investigation has explored the unique physiology of these procedures.