Development of a lavage procedure to collect lung secretions from chickens for evaluating respiratory humoral immunity.

Mucosal immunology research has been hampered by the difficulty and labour-intensiveness of collecting samples. This is especially true for sites such as the lung, and the present paper describes a simple method for obtaining samples from this organ in chickens. Following sacrifice, the bird was placed on its back and the trachea was cut and exteriorized.

Simple and rapid methods for detecting Salmonella enteritidis in raw eggs.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates there were 300,000 cases of Salmonella enteritidis (SE) in 1997. Egg products were associated with many of the cases. To address this problem, many producers implemented flock surveillance of the SE situation at their facilities.

Development of a lavage procedure to collect crop secretions from live chickens for studying crop immunity.

The crop (ingluvies), an organ for food storage in most avian species, is located at the base of the oesophagus. Previous work in our laboratory showed that, following infection with Salmonella enteritidis, significant anti-S. enteritidis antibody levels could be found in the crops of these birds.

Mucosal humoral immunity to experimental Salmonella enteritidis infection in the chicken crop.

In this report, we show that chickens, infected with Salmonella enteritidis (SE) by oral gavage, produce secretory immunoglobulin As (sIgAs) that specifically bind to numerous SE antigens. Chickens infected with SE showed strong sIgA response against flagella in both bile and crop. The optical density values of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests in positive bile and crop were 1.

Serologic detection of experimental Salmonella enteritidis infections in laying hens by fluorescence polarization and enzyme immunoassay.

Detection of infected poultry flocks is essential for controlling eggborne transmission of Salmonella enteritidis to humans. The present study evaluated the detection of antibodies in the sera of experimentally infected chickens by a fluorescence polarization assay with a tracer prepared from the O-polysaccharide of S. enteritidis and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with an S.