The Building Blocks for Successful Hub Implementation for Migrant and Refugee Families and Their Children in the First 2000 Days of Life.

Background And Objective: Migrant and refugee women, families, and their children can experience significant language, cultural, and psychosocial barriers to engage with child and family services. Integrated child and family health Hubs are increasingly promoted as a potential solution to address access barriers; however, there is scant literature on how to best implement them with migrant and refugee populations. Our aim was to explore with service providers and consumers the barriers, enablers, and experiences with Hubs and the resulting building blocks required for acceptable Hub implementation for migrant and refugee families.

Starch-rich plant foods 780,000 y ago: Evidence from Acheulian percussive stone tools.

In contrast to animal foods, wild plants often require long, multistep processing techniques that involve significant cognitive skills and advanced toolkits to perform. These costs are thought to have hindered how hominins used these foods and delayed their adoption into our diets. Through the analysis of starch grains preserved on basalt anvils and percussors, we demonstrate that a wide variety of plants were processed by Middle Pleistocene hominins at the site of Gesher Benot Ya'aqov in Israel, at least 780,000 y ago.

Exploring Australian knowledge and practice for maternal postnatal transition of care between hospital and primary care: A scoping review.

Problem: Despite the significance of the perinatal period, postnatal care remains insufficient for optimising long-term health.

Background: The perinatal period is a vulnerable time in a woman's life-course health trajectory. Supporting transitions from hospital to primary care is essential to promote health and guide evidence-based follow-up care.

The effectiveness of antenatal education on improving labour and birth outcomes - A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The World Health Organisation has suggested antenatal education be integrated within standard antenatal care. However, evidence for the impact of antenatal education varies. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated randomised controlled trial evidence regarding the influence of antenatal education on labour and birth outcomes.

A scoping review of participant reported outcome measures assessed during live and simulated surgical procedures.

Background: The study aims to describe current use of participant-reported outcome measures (PROM) to assess stress in surgeons that may impact patient and surgeon wellbeing.

Methods: Medline, Embase, Cochrane library, and clinical trial registries were searched. Articles reporting PROM of stress in live or simulated surgery were included.

Metabolic outcomes in women 6 months and 2 years after preeclampsia versus normotensive pregnancy: A P4 study.

Preeclampsia is associated with an increased risk of long-term cardiometabolic disease; however, little is known regarding metabolic factors in the early postpartum years potentially contributing to these health disparities. This study aimed to compare body composition, serum biochemical parameters, energy balance and diet 6 months and 2 years after normotensive pregnancy versus preeclampsia. This is the longitudinal metabolic sub-study of the Postpartum Physiology, Psychology and Paediatric cohort study.

Surgeon stress, anxiety, and workload: a descriptive study of participant reported responses to fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery exercises.

Background: Stress while operating is an important contributor to surgeon health and burnout. Measuring stress is key to improving surgeon and patient outcomes, however biological responses to stress during surgery are variable and difficult to interpret. Participant reported measures of stress have been suggested as an alternative, but the most appropriate measure has not been defined.

Protocol for the Australian Type 1 Diabetes National Screening Pilot: Assessing the feasibility and acceptability of three general population screening models in children.

Aim: One third of Australian children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes present with life-threatening diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at diagnosis. Screening for early-stage, presymptomatic type 1 diabetes, with ongoing follow-up, can substantially reduce this risk (<5% risk). Several screening models are being trialled internationally, without consensus on the optimal approach.

Reconstructing dietary practices at Tell Kamid el-Loz (Lebanon) during the Bronze and Iron Age III / Persian to Hellenistic periods using plant micro-remains from dental calculus and stable isotope analysis of bone collagen.

Unlabelled: Tell Kamid el-Loz (Lebanon) was an important Bronze Age urban center that dominated one of the central crossroads of the Ancient Near East, connecting Egypt and the Levant with northern Mesopotamia, Anatolia, and Syria, as well as the interior with the Mediterranean coast. However, by the early Iron Age, the site had shrunk to a small rural settlement. Later, in the Iron Age III / Persian-Hellenistic, only enigmatic pits and a large cemetery remained.

Early pregnancy maternal blood pressure and risk of preeclampsia: Does the association differ by parity? Evidence from 14,086 women across 7 countries.

Objective: To determine if the relationship between blood pressure (BP) before 16 weeks' gestation and subsequent onset of preeclampsia differs by parity, and by history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) in parous women.

Study Design: Data from two studies were pooled. First, routinely collected clinical data from three metropolitan hospitals in Sydney, Australia (2017-2020), where BP was measured as part of routine clinical care using validated mercury-free sphygmomanometers.

Australian postpartum women want reputable health information delivered via social networking sites.

Novel strategies are needed to target the health of postpartum women, who face numerous competing demands. This survey study of 553 postpartum women found 90% want access to a range of health information via social networking sites from reputable professionals, with Instagram (71%) the preferred platform. Delivery of health information to postpartum women via health organisation social networking sites could deliver cost savings and health benefits for postpartum women.

A summary of the 2023 Society of Obstetric Medicine of Australia and New Zealand (SOMANZ) hypertension in pregnancy guideline.

Introduction: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) affect up to 10% of all pregnancies annually and are associated with an increased risk of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. This guideline represents an update of the Society of Obstetric Medicine of Australia and New Zealand (SOMANZ) guidelines for the management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy 2014 and has been approved by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) under section 14A of the National Health and Medical Research Council Act 1992. In approving the guideline recommendations, NHMRC considers that the guideline meets NHMRC's standard for clinical practice guidelines.

The gut microbiome of Baka forager-horticulturalists from Cameroon is optimized for wild plant foods.

The human gut microbiome is losing biodiversity, due to the "microbiome modernization process" that occurs with urbanization. To keep track of it, here we applied shotgun metagenomics to the gut microbiome of the Baka, a group of forager-horticulturalists from Cameroon, who combine hunting and gathering with growing a few crops and working for neighboring Bantu-speaking farmers. We analyzed the gut microbiome of individuals with different access to and use of wild plant and processed foods, to explore the variation of their gut microbiome along the cline from hunter-gatherer to agricultural subsistence patterns.

Use of the USCOM® noninvasive cardiac output measurement system to predict the development of pre-eclampsia in hypertensive pregnancies.

Objectives: To assess the ability of the USCOM® (USCOM), using measurements of cardiac output (CO) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR), to predict the development of pre-eclampsia (PE) and severe PE in hypertensive pregnancies.

Study Design: Prospective cohort study of women in the second or third trimester recruited at a tertiary center in Sydney, Australia. Demographic data and hemodynamic measurements using the USCOM were taken for all study participants at recruitment.

Preeclampsia-Associated Cardiovascular Risk Factors 6 Months and 2 Years After Pregnancy: The P4 Study.

Background: Increased cardiovascular risk following preeclampsia is well established and there are signs of early cardiovascular aging 6 months postpartum. This study assessed whether blood pressure (BP) and other cardiovascular measures are abnormal 2 years postpartum in the same cohort to determine ongoing risk markers.

Methods: Six months and 2 years postpartum, BP was measured using sphygmomanometry, 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring, and noninvasive central BP.

A life-course approach to tackling noncommunicable diseases in women.

Women's health has been critically underserved by a failure to look beyond women's sexual and reproductive systems to adequately consider their broader health needs. In almost every country in the world, noncommunicable diseases are the leading causes of death for women. Among these, cardiovascular disease (including heart disease and stroke) and cancer are the major causes of mortality.

Mental health in the two years following hypertensive and normotensive pregnancy: The Postpartum, Physiology, Psychology and Paediatric follow-up (P4) cohort study.

Background: Postpartum mental illnesses and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are both common, and both associated with adverse maternal and child health outcomes. However, the relationship between them is unclear. This study aimed to investigate prevalence and symptom severity of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 2-years postpartum in women with normal blood pressure (NBP) during pregnancy versus preeclampsia or gestational hypertension (GH).

Surgeon reported measures of stress and anxiety prior to and after elective gynecological surgery.

Introduction: Performing surgical procedures is a recognized source of stress for surgeons. Vocational stress is an important contributor to performance, patient care, and burnout with dispositional and environmental factors contributing. Accurately assessing surgeon stress is critical to measuring effectiveness of stress reduction programs.

Urban environmental exposures during the first 2000 days of life as a foundation for health across the life-course: a scoping review.

Objectives: By 2030, 60% of the global population is expected to live in urban areas. Exposure to urban environments during the first 2000 days of life can have positive or negative health outcomes across the life course. Understanding the types of urban exposures that influence health outcomes is needed to guide research priorities for public health and urban planning.

Perspectives of women and partners from migrant and refugee backgrounds accessing the Cross Cultural Worker Service in maternity and early childhood services-a survey study.

Background: Women from migrant and refugee backgrounds living in high-income countries have increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes and report lower satisfaction with perinatal healthcare. In Sydney, Australia, a new service known as the Cross Cultural Workers (CCWs) in Maternity and Child and Family Health Service (the CCW Service) was implemented to support such women and families from pregnancy to the early parenting period. This study aimed to ascertain the experiences of women and their partners engaging with the CCW Service.