The effects of miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion on the upper airway of adults with midpalatal suture in the last two degrees of ossification.

Background: Transverse deficiencies of the maxillary basal bone have been treated in adult patients using miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) therapy. However, the midpalatal suture's degree of ossification may affect the upper airway dimensions. This study compared the volumetric changes of the total upper, retropalatal, retroglossal airways, and the minimal transverse airway constriction after MARPE therapy in patients with midpalatal suture in the last stages of ossification.

External control of fluoridation in the public water supplies of Brazilian cities as a strategy against caries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Among the methods currently available to provide fluoride in population levels, fluoridated water is the most successful for presenting high efficacy, safety and good cost-benefit. However, recent studies on external control have shown great variability of fluoride concentrations in the water from treatment stations in Brazilian cities, which must present concentration between 0.6 and 0.

Interleukin-31 promotes pathogenic mechanisms underlying skin and lung fibrosis in scleroderma.

Objectives: Cytokines released by infiltrating T cells may promote mechanisms leading to fibrosis in scleroderma. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the Th2 cytokine IL-31, and its receptor IL-31RA, in scleroderma skin and lung fibrosis.

Methods: IL-31 was measured by ELISA of plasma, and by immunochemistry of fibrotic skin and lung tissue of scleroderma patients.

Can 10% hydrofluoric acid be used for reconditioning of orthodontic brackets?

Context: Bracket debonding is a common problem during orthodontic treatment. This type of failure is associated to masticatory forces, poor adhesion, and the need for repositioning the piece.

Aims: The objective of this work was to compare the shear bond strength of debonded brackets that were reconditioned using different protocols (alumina blasting versus hydrofluoric etching).

Comparative analysis of force degradation of latex orthodontic elastics of 5/16'' diameter: an in vitro study.

Background: This study aimed to analyze six commercial brands of latex elastics regarding force degradation based on the time factor, in time intervals of 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours.

Methods: The elastics were stretched by three times their diameter, measured, immersed in artificial saliva at 37° C, and stored in a glass container. Data obtained were described by mean parameters, standard deviation, degradation rate, and coefficient of variation and Tukey's post-hoc Test (P<0.

Surgical Maxillary Advancement Increases Upper Airway Volume in Skeletal Class III Patients: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography-Based Study.

Study Objectives: Although volumetric changes of the upper airway occur following surgical advancement of the maxilla, few studies investigated these changes using three-dimensional imaging techniques. Thus, the goal of this study was to verify whether the surgical advancement of the maxilla affects the volume of the upper airway and to determine any association of these volume changes with sex and age.

Methods: Preoperative and postoperative cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 14 patients (8 male and 6 female) who underwent maxillary advancement to correct skeletal class III deformities were assessed to determine the postoperative volumetric changes in the upper airway.

Comparative analysis of force degradation of latex orthodontic elastics of 5/16'' diameter: an in vitro study.

Background: this study aimed to analyze, six commercial brands of latex elastics regarding force degradation according to time, immediately and in time intervals of 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours.

Methods: the elastics were stretched by three times their diameter, measured, immersed in artificial saliva at 37 °C, and stored in a glass container. Data obtained were described by mean parameters, standard deviation, degradation rate, and coefficient of variation and Tukey's post hoc test (p<0.

Efficiency of bimaxillary advancement surgery in increasing the volume of the upper airways: a systematic review of observational studies and meta-analysis.

Postsurgical changes of the airways have become a great point of interest because it has been reported that maxillomandibular advancement surgery can improve or eliminate obstructive sleep apnea; however, its treatment effectiveness is still controversial. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effectiveness of maxillomandibular advancement surgery to increase upper airway volume in adults, comparing before and after treatment. Bibliographic searches of observational studies with no restriction of year or language were performed in the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect and SciELO for articles published up to April 2015.

Determination of vertical characteristics with different cephalometric measurements.

Objective: To analyze a possible correlation between different measures in the definition of vertical facial types.

Materials And Methods: This is an analytical observational study about 95 lateral teleradiographs of Caucasian individuals with normal occlusion, of which 54 were male (56.84%) and 41 female (43.

Pleasantness of facial profile and its correlation with soft tissue cephalometric parameters: Perception of orthodontists and lay people.

Objective: This study was aimed to evaluate the perception of orthodontists and of lay people about the facial profile and its possible correlation with cephalometrics parameters.

Materials And Methods: A total of 20 evaluators were divided into two groups (10 orthodontists and 10 people with no relation to such area - lay people). They were asked to evaluate the photographs of 25 young males and of 25 young females, aged 17-24-year-old (mean age of 22.

Distalization controlled with the use of lip-bumper and mini-screw as anchorage: a new approach.

An increasingly number of patients with Angle Class II has been seeking orthodontic clinics to have their malocclusion treated. Herein, it is presented a new method of promote distal movements in maxillary molars with a combination of limp-bumper (LB) and mini screw. This technique was proven to be fast, practical and with low-cost, thus favoring both the professional and the patient.

Evaluation of changes in clinical crown length of lower anterior teeth after treatment with Frankel-2's appliance.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to test the null hypothesis that there is no change in the lower anterior teeth's crown size when measured just after the treatment with Frankel-2's orthopedic appliance and in a long-term posttreatment follow-up.

Materials And Methods: The sample was composed of 34 plaster models belonging to 9 male and 8 female individuals, treated at the College of Health, Methodist University of São Paulo, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil, with mean age of 12 years and 6 months (standard deviation [SD] =7 months) at T1 (end of the treatment with Frankel-2's function regulator), and 19 years and 8 months (SD = 7 months) at T2 (7.11 years after the end of the treatment).

The use of Twin Force functional fixed orthopedic appliance in the treatment of Class II division 1 malocclusion.

Fixed protruding appliances are interesting tools for correction of Class II dental malocclusion in adult and growing patients. The appliances most commonly used for this purpose are: Herbst, Forsus and Jasper Jumper. The present clinical case report shows an alternative called Twin Force Bite Corrector which was used for 3 months by a patient aged 10 years and 6 months associated with the Andrews prescription fixed appliance (Abzil 3M).

Time of guard of orthodontic records versus legal time for their prescription.

Introduction: After promulgation and wider dissemination of the Code of Consumer Protection (CCP), there was an increase in the number of legal conflicts between patients and dentists, leading these health professionals to increasingly guard themselves from possible lawsuits. As such, it becomes critical the preparation of an adequate and complete clinical record, even though the keeping time remains uncertain.

Objective: To review the literature and discuss the keeping time of orthodontic records versus the legal time for their prescription, as well as to propose a model of a Term upon Completion of Dental Treatment.

Cytokine pattern in very early rheumatoid arthritis favours B-cell activation and survival.

Objectives: B cells play an important role in the perpetuation of RA, particularly as autoantibody-producing cells. The ICs that further develop deposit in the joints and aggravate the inflammatory process. However, B-cell contribution in the very early stage of the disease remains unknown.

Identification of a cytokine network sustaining neutrophil and Th17 activation in untreated early rheumatoid arthritis.

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by sustained synovitis. Recently, several studies have proposed neutrophils and Th17 cells as key players in the onset and perpetuation of this disease. The main goal of this work was to determine whether cytokines driving neutrophil and Th17 activation are dysregulated in very early rheumatoid arthritis patients with less than 6 weeks of disease duration and before treatment (VERA).

Pancreatic trypsin increases matrix metalloproteinase-9 accumulation and activation during acute intestinal ischemia-reperfusion in the rat.

Ischemia-reperfusion of the intestine produces a set of inflammatory mediators, the origin of which has recently been shown to involve pancreatic digestive enzymes. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) participates in a variety of inflammatory processes including myocardial, hepatic, and pancreatic ischemia-reperfusion. In the present study, we explore the role of neutrophil-derived MMP-9 in acute intestinal ischemia-reperfusion and its interaction with pancreatic trypsin.

Pancreatic enzymes sustain systemic inflammation after an initial endotoxin challenge.

Background: Sepsis is accompanied by severe inflammation whose mechanism remains uncertain. We recently demonstrated that pancreatic proteases in the ischemic intestine have the ability to generate powerful inflammatory mediators that can be detected in the portal vein and in the general circulation. This study was designed to examine several circulatory and inflammatory indices during experimental endotoxemia and intraintestinal pancreatic protease inhibition.

Pancreatic digestive enzymes are potent generators of mediators for leukocyte activation and mortality.

Shock is associated with a dramatic rise in the level of inflammatory mediators found in plasma. The exact source of these mediators has remained uncertain. We recently examined a previously undescribed mechanism for production of inflammatory mediators in shock involving pancreatic digestive enzymes.

Long-term prognostic value of the hemorheological profile in transmural myocardial infarction survivors: 60-month clinical follow-up.

Unlabelled: Previous reports have shown several hemorheological and hemostatic abnormalities in acute coronary syndrome survivors. Some of these abnormalities were related to cardiovascular events during a 24-month follow-up. The aim of the present work is to evaluate, in transmural myocardial infarction survivors, the long-term (60 months) prognostic value of the biohemorheological profile determined at hospital discharge.

Pancreatic protease inhibition during shock attenuates cell activation and peripheral inflammation.

Intestinal ischemia contributes to shock-induced multiple organ failure. Our recent evidence suggests that pancreatic proteases may be involved in the formation of inflammatory activators within an ischemic intestine. These inflammatory mediators are released early into the circulation and may contribute to the severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) during shock.

[Biohemorheologic factors and cardiovascular events curve in survivors of transmural acute myocardial infarct--24-month follow-up].

Introduction: Previous reports have shown several biohemorheological disturbances in acute myocardial infarction (AMI), either in the acute phase and after hospital discharge. There is no clearly established relationship between these parameters and the patients' clinical outcome.

Objective: To evaluate in transmural AMI survivors, a relationship between biohemorheological parameters and the cardiovascular events curve during a 24 month follow-up period.