Synergistic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action of N-acetylcysteine in portal hypertensive gastropathy in rats.

Background And Aim: Portal hypertension (PH) is a syndrome associated with cirrhosis and characterized by a progressive increase in portal pressure, with consequent compensatory vascular dilation. Gastric vascular changes associated with oxidative and nitrosative stress characterize the clinical presentation of portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG). In addition, the inflammatory process is considered an aggravating factor for severity by contributing to gastric tissue injury.

DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC IDIOPATHIC CONSTIPATION: A NARRATIVE REVIEW FROM A BRAZILIAN EXPERT TASK FORCE.

Background: Chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) is a condition that widely affects the global population, represents relevant healthcare resource utilization and costs, and impacts the individual's well-being.

Objective: To review the consensus of expert societies and published guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of CIC in adults, seeking to assist reasoning and decision-making for medical management of patients with CIC and provide a practical reference material.

Methods: A Brazilian medical task force searched the scientific literature in the following electronic databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, SciELO, EMBASE and Cochrane, using the following descriptors: chronic constipation, diagnosis, management of chronic constipation.

ARE OBESITY AND ADENOMA DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATED AS COLORECTAL CANCER PRECURSORS?

Background: One of the most important concerns on health is the increased rates of obesity in population and the speed in which this number is increasing. This number translates a serious public health problem, since it also increases the risk of several other diseases associated with obesity resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Among them, it seems to be connected to several neoplasms, such as colorectal carcinoma.

Glutamine prevents oxidative stress in a model of portal hypertension.

Aim: To evaluate the protective effects of glutamine in a model of portal hypertension (PH) induced by partial portal vein ligation (PPVL).

Methods: Male Wistar rats were housed in a controlled environment and were allowed access to food and water . Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups: (1) control group (SO) - rats underwent exploratory laparotomy; (2) control + glutamine group (SO + G) - rats were subjected to laparotomy and were treated intraperitoneally with glutamine; (3) portal hypertension group (PPVL) - rats were subjected to PPVL; and (4) PPVL + glutamine group (PPVL + G) - rats were treated intraperitoneally with glutamine for seven days.

Effect of glutamine on liver injuries induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion in rats.

Introduction: Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury may cause cell and tissue damage, reaching also other organs such as the liver. Because of the involvement of free radicals in I/R injury, treatment options with antioxidants have been studied and tested.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of glutamine (Gln) in the liver of animals with intestinal I/R injury.

Protective effect of glutamine on the main and adjacent organs damaged by ischemia-reperfusion in rats.

Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) causes cellular and tissue damage to the intestine and remote organs such as the liver. Increased production of ROS and nitric oxide and dysregulation of cytoprotective enzymes may be involved in intestinal I/R. The aim was to evaluate the protective effects of glutamine on the intestine and liver of rats with intestinal I/R injury.

Obesity depresses the anti-inflammatory HSP70 pathway, contributing to NAFLD progression.

Objectives: To evaluate whether reduced activity of the anti-inflammatory HSP70 pathway correlates with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression and with markers of oxidative stress because obesity activates inflammatory JNKs, whereas HSP70 exerts the opposite effect.

Methods: Adult obese patients (N = 95) undergoing bariatric surgery were divided into steatosis (ST), steatohepatitis (SH), and fibrosis (SH+F) groups. The levels of HSP70, its major transcription factor, HSF1, and JNKs were assessed by immunoblotting hepatic and visceral adipose tissue; data were confirmed by immunohistochemistry.

Glutamine prevents oxidative stress in a model of mesenteric ischemia and reperfusion.

Aim: To evaluate preventative effects of glutamine in an animal model of gut ischemia/reperfusion (I/R).

Methods: Male Wistar rats were housed in a controlled environment and allowed access to food and water ad libitum. Twenty male Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups: (1) control group (control) - rats underwent exploratory laparotomy; (2) control + glutamine group (control-GLU) - rats were subjected to laparotomy and treated intraperitoneally with glutamine 24 and 48 h prior to surgery; (3) I/R group - rats were subjected to occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery for 30 min followed by 15 min of reperfusion; and (4) ischemia/reperfusion + glutamine group (G + I/R) - rats were treated intraperitoneally with glutamine 24 and 48 h before I/R.

Boswellia serrata has beneficial anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in a model of experimental colitis.

Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory disease that involves only the colon and rectum, being characterized by leukocyte infiltrate and superficial ulcers in the intestinal mucosa. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of extract from the Boswellia serrata plant in an experimental rat model of acute ulcerative colitis induced by the administration of acetic acid (AA). An extract of B.

Hepatic nitrosative stress in experimental diabetes.

Aim: The effects of the inhibition of nitrosative stress by aminoguanidine in an experimental model of diabetes mellitus (DM) were investigated.

Methods: Twenty-one male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (CO), diabetic (DM), and diabetic treated with aminoguanidine (DM+AG). Aminoguanidine (aminoguanidine hemisulfate salt, Sigma Chemical Co.

Effect of Boswellia serrata on antioxidant status in an experimental model of colitis rats induced by acetic acid.

Aim Of The Study: To evaluate the antioxidant effect of an extract of the plant Boswellia serrata in an experimental model of acute ulcerative colitis induced by administration of acetic acid (AA) in rats.

Materials And Methods: The extract of B. serrata (34.

Anal pressure in experimental diabetes.

Purpose: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic endocrine disorder that affects many systems, the gastrointestinal system often being among the affected systems. This experimental study work was designed to demonstrate altered anal sphincter pressures in an experimental model of diabetes mellitus (DM).

Materials And Methods: Male Wistar rats (mean weight = 250 g) were used and randomized in two groups (n = 10): CO = control and DM.

Effects of glutamine on proinflammatory gene expression and activation of nuclear factor kappa B and signal transducers and activators of transcription in TNBS-induced colitis.

Background: We investigated the effects of glutamine on proinflammatory gene expression and activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) in a rat model of experimental colitis.

Methods: Colitis was induced in male Wistar rats by intracolonic administration of 30 mg of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). Glutamine (25 mg/kg) was given by rectal route daily for 7 days.

Glutamine inhibits over-expression of pro-inflammatory genes and down-regulates the nuclear factor kappaB pathway in an experimental model of colitis in the rat.

We investigated the effects of glutamine on markers of oxidative stress, nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation, and pro-inflammatory mediators in a rat model of experimental colitis induced by intracolonic administration of 7% acetic acid. Glutamine (25 mg/kg) was given by rectal route 48 and 24h before acetic acid instillation. Glutamine significantly reduced gross damage and histopathological scores, and partially prevented the decrease of anal pressure observed in the animals receiving acetic acid.

Diabetes mellitus and anal sphincter pressures: an experimental model in rats.

Purpose: Symptoms of the gastrointestinal tract, frequent in patients with diabetes mellitus, which may be related to an increase in the production of free radicals, include alterations in the function of the sphincter anal musculature. Such alterations are characterized by a decrease of muscular tone associated with different degrees of fecal incontinence. This study was performed to show the alterations in the anal sphincter pressures of diabetic rats and to evaluate the role of nitric oxide and oxidative stress in this situation.