Effect of feeding biochar, oat hulls, yeast fermentate, and organic acids on reduction of Campylobacter in free-range broilers from hatching to slaughter.

The Campylobacter prevalence in free-ranging broiler flocks is usually higher than in conventional flocks, and effective interventions for this production type are needed. This study aimed to investigate the on-farm Campylobacter-reducing effect of feeding three feed additives or a water additive to broilers from hatching to slaughter. Newly hatched Ranger Gold broilers (n = 140) were randomly placed into five cages (n = 28/cage) within a flock of 6,000 broilers.

Climate footprint assessment of plastic waste pyrolysis and impacts on the Danish waste management system.

Increased plastic recycling is necessary to reduce environmental impacts related to manufacturing and end-of-life of plastic products, however, mechanical recycling (MR) - currently the most widespread recycling option for plastic waste - is limited by quality requirements for inputs and reduced quality of outputs. In this study, pyrolysis of plastic waste is assessed against MR, municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) and fuel substitution through climate footprint assessment (CFA) based on primary data from pyrolysis of plastic waste sourced from Danish waste producers. Results of the CFA are scaled to the Danish plastic waste resource in an impact assessment of current Danish plastic waste management, and scenarios are constructed to assess reductions through utilization of pyrolysis.

Startup process, safety and risk assessment of biomass gasification for off-grid rural electrification.

Biomass gasification has significantly advanced in terms of performance and is increasingly used in rural off-grid electricity applications. The downdraft gasifier is primarily used in biomass gasification applications, in which it functions as a reactor into which biomass and gasifying air are introduced to generate producer gas that is then used in an engine generator to produce electricity. However, the safety and stability of biomass gasification remain challenging and depend on several factors, such as the startup heating process, which can affect risks of fire, explosion, and toxic gas emissions.

Recycled PMMA prepared directly from crude MMA obtained from thermal depolymerization of mixed PMMA waste.

Recycled PMMA was prepared by directly polymerizing crude pyrolysis oils from lab-scale pyrolysis of collected industrial waste PMMA. The pyrolysis oils consisted mainly of methyl methacrylate (MMA, >85%), while the type and number of by-products from the thermal process were assigned through GC-MS analysis showing a clear correlation to the pyrolysis temperature. By-products can be removed by distillation; however, directly employing the crude oils to prepare PMMA through solution, suspension, emulsion, or casting polymerization was investigated to assess the potential for omitting this costly step.

Effects of different treatments of manure on mitigating methane emissions during storage and preserving the methane potential for anaerobic digestion.

Current agricultural practices in regards to storage of manure come with a significant GHG contribution, due, to a big extent, to CH emissions. For example, in Denmark, the agricultural sector is responsible for about 11.1 metric tons of CO equivalents; only about 0.

Regulation of integrin α6A by lactogenic hormones in rat pancreatic β-cells: Implications for the physiological adaptation to pregnancy.

Aim: During pregnancy, the maternal β-cell mass is increased in order to adapt to the physiological changes in insulin demand. Lactogenic hormones stimulate rodent β-cell attachment and proliferation in vitro. The aim of this study was to identify adhesion molecules involved in expansion of the β-cell mass during pregnancy in the rat.

Low temperature circulating fluidized bed gasification and co-gasification of municipal sewage sludge. Part 2: Evaluation of ash materials as phosphorus fertilizer.

The study is part 2 of 2 in an investigation of gasification and co-gasification of municipal sewage sludge in low temperature gasifiers. In this work, solid residuals from thermal gasification and co-gasification of municipal sewage sludge were investigated for their potential use as fertilizer. Ashes from five different low temperature circulating fluidized bed (LT-CFB) gasification campaigns including two mono-sludge campaigns, two sludge/straw mixed fuels campaigns and a straw reference campaign were compared.

Changes imposed by pyrolysis, thermal gasification and incineration on composition and phosphorus fertilizer quality of municipal sewage sludge.

Fertilizer quality of ash and char from incineration, gasification and pyrolysis of a single municipal sewage sludge sample were investigated by comparing composition and phosphorus (P) plant availability. A process for post oxidation of gasification ash and pyrolysis char was developed and the oxidized materials were investigated as well. Sequential extraction with full elemental balances of the extracted pools as well as scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to investigate the mechanisms driving the observed differences in composition and P plant availability in a short-term soil incubation study.

Low temperature circulating fluidized bed gasification and co-gasification of municipal sewage sludge. Part 1: Process performance and gas product characterization.

Results from five experimental campaigns with Low Temperature Circulating Fluidized Bed (LT-CFB) gasification of straw and/or municipal sewage sludge (MSS) from three different Danish municipal waste water treatment plants in pilot and demonstration scale are analyzed and compared. The gasification process is characterized with respect to process stability, process performance and gas product characteristics. All experimental campaigns were conducted at maximum temperatures below 750°C, with air equivalence ratios around 0.

Disturbed mitochondrial function restricts glutamate uptake in the human Müller glia cell line, MIO-M1.

Using the human Müller cell line, MIO-M1, the aim was to study the impact of mitochondrial inhibition in Müller glia through antimycin A treatment. MIO-M1 cell survival, levels of released lactate, mitochondrial function, and glutamate uptake were studied in response to mitochondrial inhibition and glucose restriction. Lactate release decreased in response to glucose restriction.

Gamma-variate plasma clearance versus urinary plasma clearance of Cr-EDTA in patients with cirrhosis with and without fluid retention.

In patients with fluid retention, the plasma clearance of Cr-EDTA (Cl obtained by multiexponential fit) may overestimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The present study was undertaken to compare a gamma-variate plasma clearance (Cl with the urinary plasma clearance of Cr-EDTA (Cl ) in patients with cirrhosis with and without fluid retention. A total of 81 patients with cirrhosis (22 without fluid retention, 59 with ascites) received a quantitative intravenous injection of Cr-EDTA followed by plasma and quantitative urinary samples for 5 h.

Lactate Transport and Receptor Actions in Retina: Potential Roles in Retinal Function and Disease.

In retina, like in brain, lactate equilibrates across cell membranes via monocarboxylate transporters and in the extracellular space by diffusion, forming a basis for the action of lactate as a transmitter of metabolic signals. In the present paper, we argue that the lactate receptor GPR81, also known as HCAR1, may contribute importantly to the control of retinal cell functions in health and disease. GPR81, a G-protein coupled receptor, is known to downregulate cAMP both in adipose and nervous tissue.

Red blood cell sodium transport in patients with cirrhosis.

Patients with advanced cirrhosis have abnormal sodium homoeostasis. The study was undertaken to quantify the sodium transport across the plasma membrane of red blood cells (RBC) in patients with cirrhosis. RBC efflux and influx of sodium were studied in vitro with tracer (22) Na(+) according to linear kinetics in 24 patients with cirrhosis and 14 healthy controls.

Total plasma clearance versus urinary plasma clearance of (51)Cr-EDTA in patients with cirrhosis with and without fluid retention.

Background And Aim: In patients with fluid retention, the total plasma clearance of (51)Cr-EDTA (ClP) may overestimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The present study was therefore undertaken in order to compare ClP with the urinary plasma clearance of (51)Cr-EDTA (ClU) in patients with cirrhosis with and without fluid retention.

Material And Methods: A total of 136 patients with cirrhosis (24 without fluid retention, 112 with ascites) received a quantitative intravenous injection of (51)Cr-EDTA followed by plasma and quantitative urinary samples for 5 hours.

The clearance concept with special reference to determination of glomerular filtration rate in patients with fluid retention.

In subjects without fluid retention, the total plasma clearance of a renal filtration indicator (inulin, (99m) Tc-DTPA, (51) Cr-EDTA) is close to the urinary plasma clearance. Conversely, in patients with fluid retention (oedema, pleural effusions, ascites), there is a substantial discrepancy between the total plasma clearance and the urinary plasma clearance. This is owing to delayed indicator distribution to smaller or larger parts of the interstitial space, which in patients with ascites may simulate a peritoneal dialysator.

One-sample determination of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in children. An evaluation based on 75 consecutive patients.

Background And Aim: From a clinical point of view determination of glomerular filtration rate (clearance) is important. The aim of the present study was to compare the one-sample clearance to reference multiple-sample (51)Cr-EDTA clearance in consecutively referred children suspected of or with established nephro-urological disorders.

Material And Methods: A total of 75 children, age ½-13 years, received a quantitative intravenous injection of (51)Cr-EDTA followed by six plasma samples 10-120 min after injection.

(99m) Tc-labelled human serum albumin cannot replace (125) I-labelled human serum albumin to determine plasma volume in patients with liver disease.

Background And Aims: Determination of plasma volume (PV) is important in several clinical situations. Thus, patients with liver disease often have augmented PV as part of their sodium-water retention. This study was undertaken to compare PV determination by two indicators: technetium-labelled human serum albumin ((99m) Tc-HSA) and iodine-labelled human serum albumin ((125) I-HSA), as the former may have advantages at repeated measurements and the latter is the classical gold standard.

Dual color chromogenic in situ hybridization for determination of HER2 status in breast cancer: a large comparative study to current state of the art fluorescence in situ hybridization.

Background: Chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) is fast becoming a well established technique for easy and sensitive determination of HER2 gene status in breast cancer. However, for the chromogenic method to achieve status as a safe and reliable technique, the method needs to be validated against already known and validated FISH techniques.

Methods: Here it is reported from a comparative study where HER2 gene status obtained by HER2 CISH pharmDx™ Kit was compared to HER2 gene status obtained by the FDA approved HER2 FISH pharmDx™ Kit and the PathVysion HER-2 DNA probe Kit.

Profiling of multiple signal pathway activities by multiplexing antibody and GFP-based translocation assays.

Multiplexing of GFP based and immunofluorescence translocation assays enables easy acquisition of multiple readouts from the same cell in a single assay run. Immunofluorescence assays monitor translocation, phosphorylation, and up/down regulation of endogenous proteins. GFP-based assays monitor translocation of stably expressed GFP-fusion proteins.

Membrane localization is critical for activation of the PICK1 BAR domain.

The PSD-95/Discs-large/ZO-1 homology (PDZ) domain protein, protein interacting with C kinase 1 (PICK1) contains a C-terminal Bin/amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain mediating recognition of curved membranes; however, the molecular mechanisms controlling the activity of this domain are poorly understood. In agreement with negative regulation of the BAR domain by the N-terminal PDZ domain, PICK1 distributed evenly in the cytoplasm, whereas truncation of the PDZ domain caused BAR domain-dependent redistribution to clusters colocalizing with markers of recycling endosomal compartments. A similar clustering was observed both upon truncation of a short putative alpha-helical segment in the linker between the PDZ and the BAR domains and upon coexpression of PICK1 with a transmembrane PDZ ligand, including the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor GluR2 subunit, the GluR2 C-terminus transferred to the single transmembrane protein Tac or the dopamine transporter C-terminus transferred to Tac.

Slow contractions characterize failing rat hearts.

The reduced power of the failing heart can be ascribed to a combination of reduced force and slower contraction. We hypothesized that these two properties are due to different cellular mechanisms. We measured contraction parameters both in vivo and in isolated left ventricular (LV) cardiomyocytes from a rat model of post infarction congestive heart failure (CHF).

The development of a computer model for a fixed bed gasifier and its use for optimization and control.

The development of a mathematical model of a fixed-bed gasifier is described. The model was used for studies of the stationary performance of the gasifier and the results were compared to experimental results. The model was also used in an effort to identify an efficient control strategy for the operation during load changes.

Effects of congestive heart failure on Ca2+ handling in skeletal muscle during fatigue.

Skeletal muscle weakness and decreased exercise capacity are major symptoms reported by patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Intriguingly, these skeletal muscle symptoms do not correlate with the decreased heart function. This suggests that CHF leads to maladaptive changes in skeletal muscles, and as reported most markedly in slow-twitch muscles.

Improved synthesis of oligonucleotides with an allylic backbone. Oligonucleotides containing acyclic, achiral nucleoside analogues: N-1 or N-9-[3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)prop-1-enyl]nucleobases.

An improved phosphoramidite method is described to prepare oligonucleotides modified with the acyclic, achiral monomers 1. Examination of dimers, prepared on solid support or in solution, showed that phosphortriester dimers containing the allylic unit 1 were unstable towards bases, whereas phosphordiester dimers were stable. Phosphordiester dimers were obtained by replacing cyanoethyl phosphoramidites 2 with phosphoramidites 3, which gave phosphordiesters directly upon oxidation.