The role of BKCa channels in electrical signal encoding in the mammalian auditory periphery.

Large-conductance voltage- and Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels (BKCa) are involved in shaping spiking patterns in many neurons. Less is known about their role in mammalian inner hair cells (IHCs), mechanosensory cells with unusually large BKCa currents. These currents may be involved in shaping the receptor potential, implying crucial importance for the properties of afferent auditory signals.

Ca2+-independent activation of BKCa channels at negative potentials in mammalian inner hair cells.

The defining characteristic of large-conductance Ca(2)(+)- and voltage-activated K(+) channels (BK(Ca)) is their allosteric activation by two distinct stimuli, membrane depolarization and cytosolic Ca(2)(+) ions. In this allosteric gating, increasing cytosolic Ca(2)(+) concentration ([Ca(2)(+)](i)) shifts the depolarization required for channel opening into the physiological voltage range. In fact, according to present knowledge, elevation of [Ca(2)(+)](i) to micromolar levels is the only means to activate BK(Ca) at membrane potentials below 0 mV.

Protein kinase CK2 is coassembled with small conductance Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels and regulates channel gating.

Small conductance Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels (SK channels) couple the membrane potential to fluctuations in intracellular Ca2+ concentration in many types of cells. SK channels are gated by Ca2+ ions via calmodulin that is constitutively bound to the intracellular C terminus of the channels and serves as the Ca2+ sensor. Here we show that, in addition, the cytoplasmic N and C termini of the channel protein form a polyprotein complex with the catalytic and regulatory subunits of protein kinase CK2 and protein phosphatase 2A.